多孔改良剂对毕节烟区土壤性状及烤烟产质量的影响

为研究适合毕节烟区的土壤改良措施,通过大田小区分析比较了不施改良剂(CK)、施用秸秆(T1)、T20改良剂(T2)、70%T20改良剂+30%竹炭(T3)四种处理对植烟土壤性状及烤烟产质的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,不同改良剂可使土壤p H提高0.02~0.23个单位,全氮、全磷、全钾含量分别提高1.21%~7.27%、1.16%~8.14%和0.83%~4.44%;土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾分别提高3.39%~15.2%、10.8%~50.9%及1.78%~37.0%。从生长特性看,T1、T2及T3处理烤烟株高、茎围、有效叶数及叶面积均较CK有所增加。从产质量来看,改良剂处理烟叶产量较CK增产3.6%~8.0%,烟叶产值增加3 030~4 910元hm-2,上等烟叶比例提升3.6%~11.7%;T1、T2处理每千克烟叶均价提高了1.8元及1.0元。所有处理的烤烟烟碱、全氮、还原糖、钾离子、氯离子均处于优质烟叶适宜范围,而施用改良剂的烟叶全氮、还原糖、钾离子含量均高于CK处理,添加土壤改良剂有助于改善烤烟氮碱比、糖碱比、糖氮比,使烤烟内在化学成分渐趋合理。总之,毕节烟区适当添加土壤改良剂能有效改善烟田土壤条件,提升烤烟产量和品质。

Effects of Porous Soil Amendments on Soil Properties, Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco in Bijie

[Objective]It is obvious that use of soil amendments may improve yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco and hence social,economic and ecological benefits considerably.[Method]In order to explore effects of porous soil amendments on soil properties of tobacco fields and yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in Bijie,a field experiment was conducted and designed to have four treatments,that is,CK(No amendment),T1(straw incorporation),T2(porous soil amendment,T20)and T3(70% T20 and 30% charcoal).[Result]Compared with CK,application of soil amendments increased soil pH by 0.02~0.23, content of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium by 1.21%~7.27%,1.16%~8.14% and 0.83%~4.44%,respectively,and content of alkalyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and readily available potassium by 3.39%~15.2%,10.8%~50.9% and 1.78%~37.0%,respectively. In terms of growth of the crop,Treatment T1,T2 and T3 was somewhat higher than CK in plant height,stem diameter,number of effective leaves and leaf area,and in terms of yield and quality of tobacco leaves,they were 3.6%~8.0% higher in yield,3030~4910 yuan hm-2 higher in output value,3.6%~11.7% higher in proportion of upper grade tobacco leaves,and 1.0~1.8 yuan higher in sales price per kilo. Moreover,flue-cured tobacco leaves from the treatments all had nicotine,total nitrogen,reducing sugar,potassium ion and chloride ion in the suitable range for high quality tobacco,and were higher than those from CK in content of total nitrogen, reducing sugar and potassium ion. Obviously,application of the soil amendments may help regulate chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves,including nitrogen/nicotine ratio,sugar/nicotine ratio and sugar/nitrogen ratio,to be reasonable.[Conclusion]Application of suitable soil amendments can effectively improve soil properties and growth and development of the tobacco crop,and yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in Bijie.