Oleaster (var. sylvestris) and subsp. cuspidata are suitable genetic resources for improvement of the olive (Olea europaea subsp. europaea var. europaea) |
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Authors: | Hédia Hannachi Hilary Sommerlatte Catherine Breton Monji Msallem Mohamed El Gazzah Salem Ben El Hadj and André Bervillé |
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Institution: | (1) Facult? des Sciences de Tunis, D?partement de Biologie, Campus Universitaire, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia;(2) P.O. Box 24, Naro Moru, 10105, Kenya;(3) Maison des agriculteurs, AFIDOL, 22 Avenue Henri Pontier, 13626 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 1, France;(4) Institut de l’Olivier, BP 208, 1082 Tunis, Tunisia;(5) Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, 43 avenue Charles Nicolle, 1082 Tunis, Mahraj?ne, Tunisia;(6) INRA-UMR DIA-PC, 2 place Viala, b?t 33, 34060 Cedex1, France;(7) INRA-UMR-DGPC, 2 place Viala, 34060 Cedex1, France; |
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Abstract: | The olive belongs to Olea, a complex genus and to a species with six subspecies. Subsp. europaea includes both the cultivated olive and the oleaster, the wild ancestor of the olive. Little is known on the phenotype of
fruits from subsp. cuspidata. We aimed to compare europaea and cuspidata trees for oil content and composition and to verify whether natural hybrids may exist between the two subspecies. Specimens
were from Kenya and putative natural hybrids between cuspidata and europaea were from Stellenbosch (South Africa). Cultivar and oleaster trees were sampled in France (continental and Corsica), Italy
(Continental and Sardinia) and Tunisia. We have examined the fruit (drupe) structure between subsp. cuspidata and europaea and extracted oil from the pulp, seed and total drupe. Comparison for oil content was made between the cultivated olive and
the oleaster and some cuspidata trees from Kenya. A few of cuspidata individuals from Botanical gardens do not enable phenotyping for oil content and composition. Oil composition analyses were
performed for the main fatty acids to compare the three taxa. We used microsatellite markers at 11 loci to compute genetic
distances between cuspidata, oleaster and cultivar trees and to reveal eventual hybrids. The SSR polymorphisms were huge between the two subspecies and
they revealed that putative hybrids were true hybrids sampled around olive orchards. The whole comparison of oil content shows
that olive cultivars display higher oil content than the subsp. cuspidata and that the oleaster trees are intermediate, whereas for oil composition of the drupe, cuspidata from Kenya shows less oleic acid than europaea. However, the cuspidata trees show seed oil composition similarities with the other two taxa. The discussion deals with possible reasons to explain
the differences and of the possible uses of these taxa for breeding both the olive and brown olive.
H. Hannachi and H. Sommerlatte have equal contribution in the article. |
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Keywords: | Fruit size Genetic resources Olive oil content oil composition Olea europaea |
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