专业化烘烤对烟农经济收入及行为影响分析——以重庆市武隆县为例

研究选取了距离青木池村较近,烤烟种植情况和社会经济状况基本相似,且未试行专业化烘烤的自然村——清水塘村作为对照区,以组织专业化烘烤和未组织专业化烘烤的2个相邻地区内年龄大于18周岁的永久性居民为研究对象,由于样本的分散性和随机性,考虑到不同的性别、文化程度、年龄、植烟面积以及经济收入等因素,采取随机调查的方式发放问卷,采用Excel对调查数据进行了统计与分析。结果表明,参与专业化烘烤对于烟农经济收入的激励效明显高于非专业化烘烤;专业化烘烤地区的烟农在参与专业化烘烤生产后对其未来发展问题的关注焦点明显有别于非专业化烘烤地区,专业化烘烤地区更侧重于技术、管理和配套产业的改善,非专业化烘烤地区认为外出打工才是改善目前状况的主要途径;专业化烘烤的运行机制和内部管理及推广应用中存在一定的问题,需要进一步完善。最后,提出要正确处理专业化烘烤增收与经济发展、明确主体与强化扶持的关系,以确保专业化烘烤的可持续发展,有效提高烟农的经济收益。

Effects of Specialized Curing on the Income and Behavior of Tobacco Growers

Qingshuitang Village near the Qingmuchi Village is taken as the control region,which has similar status of social economy and flue-cured tobacco cultivation and has not implemented specialized curing.Permanent residents above the age of 18 in the two villages are investigated.Due to the dispersion and randomness of samples,questionnaires are sent out randomly considering the differences in age,sex,education level,economic income and planting area.Excel is used to conduct statistics and analysis of survey data.Result shows that specialized curing has significant higher incentive effect on economic income of tobacco growers than the non-specialized curing.Tobacco growers in specialized curing area have apparently different attentive focus of future development,compared with the growers in non-specialized curing area.Specialized curing area focuses more on the improvement of technology,management and supporting industries;while growers in non-specialized curing area think that working outside is main way to improve the current situation.However,there are certain problems in specialized curing needed to be improved,such as operation mechanism,internal management,extension and application.Finally,it is pointed out that we should correctly handle the relationship between the income increase from specialized curing and the economic development,subject clarification and support enhancement,so as to ensure the sustainable development of specialized curing and to improve the economic income of tobacco growers effectively.