鲤鱼品系的部分线粒体序列的遗传变异

运用PCR测序法，以9个我国常见鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio）养殖品种和2个野生群体为研究材料，分析线粒体DNA的16S rRNA、Cyt b和D-loop序列片段，用于分析的序列共有1 457 个位点，其中变异位点32个，简约信息位点21个，共有单倍型16个。分别利用以上3个基因片段以及合并后的序列， 构建NJ和MP进化树。由不同方法获得相似的进化树，由不同基因片段得到的进化树均为两支，其中贝尔湖野鲤（BE）单独成支，其它群体聚为1支，只是由D-loop得到的进化关系更为详细，而由合并后的序列构建的进化树也与利用不同基因序列所得到的进化树并不矛盾。各品系间的分化时间约为3.03×104～1.21×105年前。根据序列的特征，16S rRNA的1个变异位点、Cyt b基因的4个变异位点和D-loop的14个变异位点可以作为鉴定不同的养殖品系和野生群体的SNP，证明mtDNA序列分析可以应用于品系的鉴定。

Genetic Diversity of Domestic Strains of Common Carp Based on Partial Mitochondrial DNA Sequences

Nucleotide sequences of 16S rRNA, Cyt b, and D-loop of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) for nine domestic populations and two wild populations of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were amplified using PCR techniques and their genetic variability and phylogenetic relationships were analyzed. Thirty-two nucleotide variable positions, 21 parsimony-infomative positions and 16 haplotype were detected in 1 457 bp length sequence among the strains. Phylogenetic trees were constructed from the three different genes sequences as well as the combination sequences by NJ and MP method. There were no contradictions between these phylogenetic trees. The phylogenetic trees were all divided into two branches which Beier Lake wild carp (BE) was singleness and the others were clustered into one group. And a more particular phylogenetic relationship was obtained using D-loop sequences. Moreover, there were no contradiction between the phylogenetic trees constructed by combination sequences and different gene sequences, respectively. The estimated divergence time among breeding different populations was about 3.03 ×104～1.21×105 years ago. As a result, one variable position of 16S rRNA, 4 variable positions of Cyt b gene and 14 variable positions of D-loop region could be used as (SNP) to identify the different strains or wild populations. It was proved that the nucleotide sequences of mtDNA could be used in the identification of strains.