黄瓜无土栽培基质研究进展

无土栽培在黄瓜生产中应用广泛，而栽培基质是固定黄瓜根系，协调“水、肥、气”的基础物质，不同基质理化性质不同，可直接影响黄瓜的长势、产量及品质。研发筛选出适宜黄瓜生长的栽培基质是节能增效、促进生产的关键，从以椰糠、菌渣、农业废弃物堆肥为主的有机栽培基质，以蛭石、珍珠岩、河沙等为主的无机栽培基质，有机基质与无机基质混合的栽培基质，基质粒径大小、堆肥时间、栽培方式等性质和微生物制剂、腐植酸、生物炭、硅元素等外源添加物等方面综述了不同栽培基质对黄瓜生长、产量及品质影响的研究进展。基质栽培应用市场广阔，且将低成本可重复利用的农业作物废弃物作为有机基质并与无机基质混合配制成环保型复合基质成为无土栽培基质研究的主要方向。

Research Progress of Substrates for Soilless Cultivation of Cucumber

Abstract: Soilless culture is widely used in cucumber production. The cultivation substrate is the basic material for fixing cucumber roots and coordinating ''water, fertilizer and gas''. The physical and chemical properties of different substrates are different, which directly affect the growth, yield and quality of cucumber. The key to energy conservation and efficiency enhancement and production promotion was to develop and screen cultivation substrates suitable for cucumber growth. The effects of different culture substrates on cucumber growth, yield and quality were reviewed from organic cultivation substrates mainly composed of coconut bran, bacterial residue and agricultural waste compost, inorganic substrates mainly composed of vermiculite, perlite and river sand, mixed cultivation substrates of organic and inorganic substrates, substrate particle size, composting time, cultivation methods and other properties and microbial agents, humic acid, biochar and silicon. The application market of substrate culture was broad, and the main research direction of soilless culture substrate would be to mix low cost and reusable agricultural crop waste as organic substrate and inorganic substrate to form environment-friendly composite substrate.