不同小麦品种(系)对赤霉病的抗性和麦穗组织中DON毒素积累分析

 为明确不同小麦品种(系)对赤霉病的抗性和麦穗组织中DON毒素积累水平,培育和利用抗赤霉病和DON毒素积累的品种提供资源和依据,本研究采用单小花滴注接种法对河南省的106个小麦品种(系)抗赤霉病性进行鉴定分析,并用ELISA测定了病穗组织中DON毒素水平。结果表明不同小麦品种(系)对赤霉病的抗性有显著差异,106个小麦品种(系)中未发现抗病和中抗材料,中感品种(系)有华育198、郑麦103和春丰0021等14个,占13.2%;感病的有曌式2010-06、百农898和中麦63等92个,占86.8%。不同小麦品种(系)籽粒、颖壳和穗轴中DON毒素积累水平有显著差异,籽粒中DON毒素水平在(0.70~287.63)mg/kg之间,其中郑03876、豫保1号和中麦63 的DON毒素水平在2 mg/kg 以下,为抗毒素材料;其他的103个品种DON毒素水平大于2 mg/kg;颖壳和穗轴中的DON毒素水平在(51.03~392.87)mg/kg之间,普遍比籽粒中DON毒素含量高。籽粒中DON毒素水平与小麦品种(系)的平均病害严重度间呈极显著正相关。

Resistance to Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol accumulation in various tissues of wheat heads

In order to confirm the Fusarium head blight (FHB) Type II resistance of different wheat cultivars (lines) and the concentration of deoxynivalenol in various tissues of wheat lines in China was evaluated for FHB resistance and concentrations of DON in kernels, chaff and rachis were tested. The plants were inoculated with mixed isolates of Fusarium graminearum in the field by injecting conidia into a single spikelet of each spike. FHB symptoms were evaluated by visual inspection in the field, and concentration of DON was analyzed by ELISA. The results showed that significant differences in FHB ratings and the concentrations of DON in kernels, chaff and rachis were observed among cultivars. There was no resistant and moderately resistant wheat culitivals (lines), 14 of evaluated cultivars (lines) (13.2%, including Huayu 198, Zhengmai 103, Chunfeng 0021, and so on) were moderately susceptible; 92 of evaluated cultivars (lines) (86.8%, including Zhaoshi 2010-06, Bainong 898, Zhongmai 63, and so on) were susceptible. The DON levels in kernels of evaluated cultivars ranged from (0.70－287.63)mg/kg, and that of 3 cultivars, including Zheng 03876, Yubao 1 and Zhongmai 63 were below 2 mg/kg, which may be useful as sources for breeding wheat cultivars. The DON levels in chaff and rachis ranged from (51.03－392.87)mg/kg, were much higher than that in kernels. Correlation coefficients were significant between FHB symptom ratings and DON levels in kernels.