怀化传统侗族聚落应用乡土景观材料的生态效应

采用田野调查法，实地走访了怀化市保留较完整的通道县独坡、黄土、坪坦3乡15个典型传统侗寨。研究发现，由于地域资源的有限性、稀缺性，侗民们充分尊重自然，利用场地自然资源和聚落农业生产资源，运用朴素的生态智慧合理选用聚落景观材料。景观材料的选用充分体现“低技术、低成本、低污染、低能耗、低管护”的生态智慧，体现生态、健康、舒适、保健的生态效应。城镇化进程的加快催生侗族聚落景观的生态效应失衡，须充分利用传统侗族聚落巨大的再生潜力，调整聚落产业结构和发展模式，利用现代科技手段大力发展新型乡土景观材料，使侗族聚落新型景观形态、景观肌理、景观生态效应和原生景观保持一致，构建可持续的健康、养生聚落。

Ecological Effect of Local Landscape Material Application: A Case Study about Ttraditional Dong Settlements in Huaihua,Hunan

Fifteen typical traditional Dong settlements preserved more concentrated and more completed were investigated, located in Dupo, Huangtu and Pingtan townships in Tongdao County，Huaihua Municipality，Hunan Province，China．It was found that due to the finiteness and scarcity of local resources, Dong people respect for nature, comply with the nature, build village according to the natural terrain, and make full use of the site natural resources and the agricultural production resources of settlement to make a reasonable choice of settlement landscape materials of Dong village by applying ecological wisdom of "low technology, low cost, low pollution, low energy consumption, low curing management" and the ecological effects of healthy, comfortable, and health care. However, the speeding up of urbanization is making landscape pattern and its ecological effects of Dong settlement being in fission and unbalanced so that we must make full use of the huge potential re-growth of traditional Dong settlements to adjust the agricultural structure and development pattern, promote resources benefits of settlement landscape, make full use of modern technology to develop the new native landscape materials with characteristics of high-tech combined with Dong geography, climate, geographical environment, and Dong culture as a whole, and express full respect to the nature to keep the ecological landscape pattern, landscape skin texture, and ecological effect consistent with native landscape of Dong settlement to build a sustainable, healthy Dong settlement of keeping in good health.