控释技术处理碳铵、尿素的肥效及其机理初探

采用改性的工农业有机废弃物、无机矿物作为控释材料,对碳铵、尿素进行包膜与非包膜控释处理,通过盆栽试验研究其肥效,用室内淋溶试验和X衍射分析手段探讨其养分控释机理。结果表明,两种控释处理的氮肥均有较好的肥效,可以明显提高氮肥利用率。肥料的X衍射分析表明,有机控释材料活性基团与碳铵、尿素相互作用,晶体结构发生了较大的变化,结晶度下降;对于包裹太严实的控释肥料,混以养分释放速度快的肥料,以调整养分不同释放速度的纵向复合,更有利于提高产量及养分利用率。非包膜控释处理成本较低,与包膜控释处理的效果相当甚至更优。两种控释技术均能提升碳铵、尿素的市场竞争力,有重要的产业应用前景。

Study on fertilizer efficiency and its mechanism of urea and ammonium bicarbonate treated with controlled-release technology

Coated and uncoated ammonium bicarbonate and urea were made by using modified industrial and agricultural waste materials and inorganic minerals Pot experiments,indoors leaching experiment and X ray diffraction were conducted to study the effect and the controlled release mechanism The results showed that both coated and uncoated controlled release fertilizer had higher fertilizer efficiency, and the N use efficiency was increased obviously Owing to the interaction between active group of organic controlled release materials and urea or ammonium bicarbonate, the crystal structure changed obviously and the crystallinity decreased For the tightly coated fertilizer, mixing with the faster releasing fertilizer to adjust the column balance of various nutrient release velocities was more effective to increase yield and fertilizer use efficiency Compared with coated fertilizer, the uncoated fertilizer cost less but had equal or higher fertilizer efficiency Both coated and uncoated controlled release fertilizers could raise the market competitiveness of urea and ammonium bicarbonate, showing a good prospect for industrialization