广西丰肉型新品系黑山羊产肉性能与肉品质指标特性研究

以6月龄和12月龄广西本地黑山羊为对照,研究广西丰肉型新品系黑山羊的产肉性能和肉品质,综合测定和分析其屠宰性能、肉质、化学成分和风味影响因子。结果表明:6月龄和12月龄广西丰肉型新品系黑山羊与广西本地黑山羊两者相比较,胴体重、屠宰率、净肉率、胴体净肉率、眼肌面积指标差异极显著(P<0.01),且前者大于后者;肌肉中肉质的肉色和大理石纹指标差异极显著(P<0.01),前者大于后者;嫩度剪切值差异显著(P<0.05,6月龄)和极显著(P<0.01,12月龄),前者小于后者;化学成分方面,粗蛋白、脂肪和磷测定指标两者差异显著(P<0.05),且前者大于后者;粗纤维指标两者差异显著(P<0.05),前者小于后者;风味影响因子方面,氨基酸总量、谷氨酸两者差异极显著(P<0.01),前者大于后者,其余种类氨基酸含量(除12月龄试验羊甘氨酸含量外)两者差异不显著(P>0.05);脂肪酸中饱和脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸含量两者差异显著(P<0.05),前者大于后者;胆固醇含量两者差异不显著(P>0.05),但均低于羊生产学推荐值;硫胺素和肌苷酸两者相比差异显著(P<0.05),前者大于后者。综合以上测定结果可以得出,广西丰肉型新品系黑山羊产肉性能高,营养成分全面,可提供丰富的蛋白质、氨基酸;且肉质鲜嫩多汁,膻味小,口感好,风味独特;其羊肉中胆固醇含量低,富含不饱和脂肪酸。广西丰肉型新品系黑山羊是适合南方地区生产高端黑山羊的首选品种,开发潜力巨大。

Characteristics of Meat Production Performance and Meat Quality Index of Meat-rich-typed New Strain of Guangxi Black Goat

In this experiment,the 6-month-old and 12-month-old local Guangxi black goats were used as control to evaluate the meat production performance and meat quality of the meat-rich-typed new strain of Guangxi black goats.The indicators associated with slaughter performance,meat quality,meat chemical composition and flavor influencing factors were comprehensively determined and analyzed.The results showed that the 6-month-old and 12-month-old black goats of new strain had extremely significantly(P<0.01)higher carcass weight,slaughter rate,net meat rate,net carcass rate and eye muscle area compared to their counterparts of local goats;the new strain black goats had extremely significantly(P<0.01)higher values in muscle quality indicators of meat color and marbling,and had extremely significantly(P<0.01 for 12-month-old goats)or significantly(P<0.05 for 6-month-old goats)lower tenderness shear values compared to the local ones;in terms of meat chemical composition,the new strain had significantly(P<0.05)higher content of crude protein,fat and phosphorus,and had significantly(P<0.05)lower content of crude fiber;for the flavor influence factors,while extremely significant(P<0.01)differences in content of total amino acid and glutamate between the new strain of black goats and local ones were observed,no significant differences in content of the other tested amino acids(except for glycine content in 12-month-old goats)were found(P>0.05);significantly(P<0.05)higher content of saturated fatty acid and unsaturated fatty acid was observed in the new strain black goats;there was no significant difference in cholesterol content between the new strain black goats and the local ones(P>0.05),but both of them was lower than that of the recommended values by sheep production standard;the contents of thiamine and inosine of the new strain black goats were significantly(P<0.05)higher than those of the local ones.Based on the above measurement results,it can be concluded that the meat-rich-typed new strain of Guangxi black goats has good meat production performance and comprehensive nutritional components,and can provide rich protein and amino acids;its meat is fresh and juicy with good taste and unique flavor,and has minor species-related characterizing flavor,low cholesterol content as well as rich unsaturated fatty acids.In conclusion,this strain is the first choice in breed selection for production of high-quality black goat suitable for southern regions,indicating its tremendous development potential.