17种植物性饲料原料中伏马毒素(B1+B2)、赭曲霉毒素A、T-2毒素、黄曲霉毒素B1污染状况调查检测分析

为了解掌握伏马毒素（B₁+B₂）、赭曲霉毒素A、T-2毒素、黄曲霉毒素B₁在植物性饲料原料中的污染状况,指导饲料生产企业和养殖企业开展霉菌毒素防控,降低霉菌毒素对饲料产品质量及畜禽养殖危害,减少经济损失,2019年对17种62份植物性饲料原料进行采集,采用液相色谱—串联质谱法、免疫亲和柱净化—高效液相色谱法检测,依据《饲料卫生标准》（GB 13078—2017）判定分析。结果表明：伏马毒素（B₁+B₂）、赭曲霉毒素A、黄曲霉毒素B₁在17种植物性饲料原料中的污染状况差别明显,伏马毒素（B₁+B₂）、赭曲霉毒素A、黄曲霉毒素B₁平均检出率分别为37.09%、8.06%、29.03%,最大检测值分别为15.96 mg/kg、26.60 μg/kg、351.00 μg/kg。从检测结果得出,4种霉菌毒素在17种植物性饲料原料中的污染较重,整体污染率达48.40%,玉米皮、喷浆玉米皮、花生粕3种植物性饲料原料中黄曲霉毒素B₁超标,污染率与超标率不一定呈正比,表明霉菌毒素在植物性饲料原料中污染普遍,对饲料产品及养殖安全造成严重影响。针对该问题,提出控制植物性饲料原料质量建议,为今后控制饲料原料中霉菌毒素含量提供参考。

Investigation,Detection and Analysis of Pollution Status of Fumonisins (B1+B2), Ochratoxin A,T-2 Toxin and Aflatoxin B1 in 17 Plant Feed Raw Materials

This study aimed to understand and master the pollution status of fumonisins （B₁+B₂）, ochratoxin A, T-2 toxin and aflatoxin B₁ in plant feed raw materials, guide and help feed production enterprises as well as livestock and poultry breeding enterprises to carry out the prevention and control of mycotoxins pollution, avoid the harms brought by mycotoxins to feed products as well as livestock and poultry feeding, and reduce the economic losses. In the year of 2019, a total of 62 samples from 17 kinds of plant feed raw materials were collected and tested by LC-MS/MS and IAC-HPLC according to the national standard of ′Feed Hygiene Standard′ （GB 13078-2017）. The results showed that the pollution status of fumonisins （B₁+B₂）, ochratoxin A and aflatoxin B₁ in the 17 kinds of plant feed raw materials obviously varied, the average detection rates of fumonisins （B₁+B₂）, ochratoxin A and aflatoxin B₁ were 37.09%, 8.06% and 29.03%, respectively, and their maximum detection values were 15.96 mg/kg, 26.60 μg/kg and 351.00 μg/kg, respectively. According to the test results, the pollution status caused by these 4 kinds of mycotoxins in the 17 kinds of plant feed raw materials was relatively heavy, and the overall pollution rate was 48.40%. The content of aflatoxin B₁ in corn bran, spouting corn bran and peanut meal exceeded the limits required by the national standard, but the pollution rate was not proportional to the exceeding standard rate. It is indicated that the mycotoxins pollution in plant feed raw materials is widespread, which results in serious impacts to feed products and feeding safety. In view of this problem, specific suggestions on controlling the quality of plant feed raw materials were put forward, in hoping to provide reference for controlling the contents of mycotoxins in feed raw materials.