腹泻仔猪与健康仔猪肠道微生物多样性比较

目的通过研究对比哺乳期腹泻仔猪与健康仔猪粪便菌群,探讨腹泻对哺乳期仔猪肠道微生物的影响。方法通过高通量16S rDNA测序技术对腹泻组仔猪（n=6）和健康组仔猪（n=3）粪便样本进行测序,比较两组仔猪肠道微生物群落的组成和结构。结果腹泻组仔猪和健康组仔猪粪便菌群差异显著（P<0.05）,腹泻组仔猪的肠道菌群多样性显著（P<0.05）低于健康组仔猪。与健康组仔猪相比,在门水平上,腹泻组仔猪的梭杆菌门和变形菌门的相对丰度显著（P<0.05）增加,而厚壁菌门的相对丰度显著（P<0.05）下降;在属水平上,腹泻组仔猪的梭杆菌属（Fusobacterium）、普雷沃菌属（Prevotella）、埃希菌属（Escherichia）、乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）、厌氧弧菌属（Anaerovibrio）、拟普雷沃菌属（Alloprevotella）和Fusobacteriaceae_unclassified的相对丰度显著（P<0.05）增加,而大部分厚壁菌门菌属的相对丰度显著（P<0.05）降低。结论通过分析对比腹泻仔猪与健康仔猪肠道微生物多样性,为预防和治疗哺乳期仔猪腹泻提供了理论依据。

Comparison of Intestinal Microbial Diversity Between Piglets with or without Diarrhea

[Objective] To assess the influence of diarrhea on intestinal microbial diversity of nursery piglets by comparing the difference in fecal flora between piglets with or without diarrhea. [Method] The fecal samples of piglets in the diarrhea group （n=6） and healthy group （n=3） were sequenced by using 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology, and the composition and structure of the intestinal microbial community of the two groups were compared. [Result] The fecal flora between the diarrhea group and the healthy group was significantly （P<0.05） different, and the intestinal flora diversity of the diarrhea group was significantly （P<0.05） lower than that of the healthy group. Compared with the healthy group, at the phylum level, the relative abundance of Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria of the diarrhea group was increased significantly （P<0.05）, while that of Firmicutes was decreased significantly （P<0.05）; at the genus level, the relative abundance of Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Escherichia, Lactobacillus, Anaerovibrio, Alloprevotella and Fusobacteriaceae_unclassified of the diarrhea group was increased significantly （P<0.05）, while that of most genus belonging to Firmicutes was decreased significantly （P<0.05）. [Conclusion] The analysis and comparison of the intestinal microbial diversity between diarrhea piglets and healthy piglets provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of diarrhea in nursery piglets.