带状旋耕式小麦免耕播种机耕作刀具的优化

目的 对带状旋耕式小麦免耕播种机的耕作部件进行优化设计，提高其作业质量。方法 采用C型弯刀、直刀、深耕刀以及一种优化设计后的刀具组合形式(直刀与深耕刀组合)，在田间地表秸秆集中处理条件下进行刀轴转速为180、280、380和510 r/min的田间原位耕作试验。结果 C型弯刀能够创造连续完好的种沟，但耕作过程中大部分土壤破碎体被抛洒至种沟外，回填效果最差。深耕刀具有良好的耕作碎土性能，创造的种床连续、完整但边界不规则，在耕作过程中不能有效地控制土壤扰动范围。直刀可控制种沟边界，但刀轴转速为180和510 r/min时不能耕作出连续的种沟，刀轴转速为280和380 r/min时耕作形成的土壤破碎体过大(平均质量直径>40 mm)。组合刀得益于直刀与深耕刀的有机结合，使其在形成的种沟形状、土壤破碎体回填效果、破碎程度和能耗方面均具有突出优势。结论 在田间地表秸秆集中处理条件下，推荐使用组合刀作为黏性水稻土的带状旋耕式小麦免耕播种机的耕作机具。

Optimization of the rotary tillage tool for wheat strip-till planter

Objective To optimize the design of the rotary tiller tool for wheat strip-till planter, and improve the operation quality.Method Three typical rotary tillage tools (C-type blade, straight blade and deep tillage blade) and one optimized rotary tillage tool (combination of straight blade and deep tillage blade) were applied. The field in-situ cultivation was performed under the condition of centralized surface straw treatment with the rotation speed of the blade shaft at 180, 280, 380 and 510 r/min.Result The C-type blade could create continuous and intact seedbed, but most soil fragments were thrown out seedbed during the cultivation process, and the backfill effect was the worst. The deep tillage blade had good performance in soil tillage and breaking, it created continuous and intact seedbed but the boundary was irregular, and it could not effectively control the soil disturbance range in the process of tillage. The straight blade had advantage in its control of seedbed boundary, but it could not make continuous seedbed when the rotation speed of blade shaft was 180 and 510 r/min, and the soil fragments formed by tillage was too large (mean weight diameter > 40 mm) when the rotation speed of the blade shaft was 280 or 380 r/min. The combination blades benefited from the organic combination of straight blade and deep tillage blade, therefore it had outstanding advantages in shape formation of seedbed, soil fragmentation degree and backfill effect and energy consumption.Conclusion Under the condition of centralized treatment of surface straw, the combination blades are recommended as the tillage tool of wheat strip-till planter for clay soil.