垄作稻-鱼-鸡共生对水稻茎秆倒伏、穗部性状及产量的影响

为了探究水稻垄作栽培和稻-鱼-鸡共生模式的结合对水稻茎秆倒伏、穗部性状及产量的影响,本文通过设计常规水稻垄作栽培(CK)、水稻垄作养鱼(RF)、水稻垄作养鸡(RC)和水稻垄作养鸡养鱼(RFC)的田间对比试验,研究垄作稻-鱼-鸡共生模式下水稻茎秆倒伏、穗部性状和实际产量的变化。结果表明:2年中4个处理的水稻株高、株鲜重、重心高度和节间长的均值整体无显著性差异。与CK处理相比, RFC和RC处理水稻茎秆节间外径、节间壁厚、穗长和穗鲜重虽呈增加趋势,但均值整体也无显著性差异;水稻产量也保持稳定。RF处理水稻茎秆节间外径、壁厚、穗长和穗鲜重均呈降低趋势,且2019年穗鲜重达显著降低(P0.05);水稻产量2年平均降低为29.98%(P0.05),其余均值整体无显著性差异。2年中RFC和RC较CK处理水稻节间茎秆抗折力平均增加19.69%和8.10%,且2年中RFC的第4和第5节间茎秆抗折力显著增加(P0.05);而RF处理茎秆抗弯截面模量和抗折力整体均呈降低趋势,但均值整体变化不显著。RFC和RC较CK处理水稻茎秆节间最大应力均值降低为17.85%和15.08%,倒伏指数均值降低为4.35%和4.26%,但未达显著水平;RF处理茎秆节间倒伏指数平均增加11.47%,且2018年第3和2019年第2～5节间均达显著性差异(P0.05)。综上所述,垄作稻-鱼-鸡共生和垄作稻-鸡共生模式能够提高水稻穗长和穗鲜重,稳定水稻产量,增加水稻茎秆节间外径和壁厚,提高茎秆抗折力和抗弯截面模量,降低茎秆最大应力和倒伏指数,从而具有一定的壮秆效应和抗倒伏能力。

Effect of rice-fish-chicken ridge cultivation on stem lodging resistance, panicle traits, and yield of rice

Based on previous studies of ridge cultivation, rice-fish co-culture, and rice-chicken co-culture, we proposed an integrated technology of ridge cultivation of rice combined with fish and chicken co-culture (RFC), and observed its'' obvious yield and economic benefits. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of RFC on stem lodging resistance, panicle traits, and grain yield in rice. Field experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019 to compare the stem lodging resistance characteristics, panicle traits, and rice yield when grown under conventional ridge cultivation (CK), ridge cultivation of rice-fish co-culture (RF), ridge cultivation of rice-chicken co-culture (RC), and RFC. The results showed that the height, fresh weight, gravity center height, and internode length of rice plants differed among the treatments in both years, but the differences were not significant. RFC and RC had higher internode outer diameters and wall thicknesses, panicle lengths, and panicle fresh weights than CK, but the differences were not significant. RFC and RC produced similar rice yields as CK. RF had a lower internode outer diameter and wall thickness, panicle length, and panicle fresh weight than CK, but the differences were not significant except for the panicle fresh weight in 2019 (P<0.05). RF produced a significantly higher grain yield than CK in both years (P<0.05), with an average increase of 29.98%. RFC and RC had higher average stem-breaking resistances than CK by 19.69% and 8.10% in 2018 and 2019, respectively. In particular, the difference in stem-breaking resistance between RFC and CK was significant for the fourth and fifth internodes (P<0.05). RF had a smaller stem cross-section modulus and lower stem-breaking resistance than CK, but the differences were not significant. RFC and RC had lower average maximum bending stress by 17.85% and 15.08%, respectively, and a lower average lodging index by 4.35% and 4.26%, respectively, than CK in 2018 and 2019, respectively, but the differences were not significant. RF had a higher average internode lodging index than CK by 11.47%, and the differences were significant for the third internode in 2018 and the second to the fifth internodes in 2019. In conclusion, RFC and RC increased the panicle length and panicle fresh weight of rice plants, stabilized the rice yield, increased the stem internode diameter and wall thickness, enhanced the stem-breaking resistance and cross-section modulus, and reduced the stem maximum bending stress and lodging index. Our study suggests that RFC and RC are preferable for developing strong stems and improving rice lodging resistance.