首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
     


Soil Bulk Density Estimation Methods: A Review
Authors:Ahmed Abed Gatea AL-SHAMMARY  Abbas Z. KOUZANI  Akif KAYNAK  Sui Yang KHOO  Michael NORTON  Will GATES
Affiliation:1. School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong VIC 3216 (Australia);2. Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Burwood VIC 3125 (Australia);3. Soil Science and Water Resources Departments, College of Agriculture, University of Wasit, Kut 964 (Iraq)
Abstract:Measurement of soil bulk density is important for understanding the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil. Accurate and rapid soil bulk density measurement techniques play a significant role in agricultural experimental research. This review is a comprehensive summary of existing measurement methods and evaluates their advantages, disadvantages, potential sources of error, and directions for future development. These techniques can be broadly categorised as direct and indirect methods. Direct methods include core, clod, and excavation sampling, whereas indirect methods include the radiation and regression approaches. The core method is most widely used, but it is time consuming and difficult to use for sampling multiple soil depths. The size of the coring cylinder used, operator experience, sampling depth, and in-situ soil moisture content significantly affect its accuracy. The clod method is suitable for use with heavy clay soils, and its accuracy is dependent on equipment calibration, drying time, and operator experience, but the process is complicated and time consuming. Excavation techniques are most commonly used to evaluate the bulk density of forest soils, but have major limitations as they cannot be used in soils with large pores and their measurement accuracy is strongly influenced by soil texture and the type of analysis selected. The indirect methods appear to have greater accuracy than direct approaches, but have higher costs, are more complex, and require greater operator experience. One such approach uses gamma radiation, and its accuracy is strongly influenced by soil depth. Regression methods are economical as they can make indirect measurements, but these depend on good, quality data of soil texture and organic matter content and geographical and climatic properties. Also, like most of the other approaches, its accuracy decreases with sampling depth.
Keywords:measurement accuracy  direct measurement methods  gamma radiation  indirect measurement methods  regression methods  sampling depth  soil properties
本文献已被 CNKI ScienceDirect 等数据库收录!
点击此处可从《土壤圈》浏览原始摘要信息
点击此处可从《土壤圈》下载全文
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号