沃尔巴克氏体感染对黑腹果蝇头部转录组的影响

为明确沃尔巴克氏体Wolbachia对果蝇神经行为影响的分子机制，采取转录组测序技术对感染沃尔巴克氏体和未感染的黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster头部样本进行转录组测序、组装、注释，筛选感染沃尔巴克氏体wMel和未感染黑腹果蝇头部转录组间的差异表达基因，并选择差异表达基因中差异倍数较大或与神经行为相关的基因进行qPCR验证。结果表明，感染沃尔巴克氏体wMel和未感染黑腹果蝇头部差异表达基因有679个（差异倍数≥2，P<0.05），其中，由于感染沃尔巴克氏体wMel而上调表达的基因有566个，下调表达的基因有113个。GO功能注释分析显示，差异表达基因与代谢过程、催化和结合功能相关。KEGG通路注释分析发现，差异表达基因主要富集在蛋白消化与吸收、内分泌、神经活性配体-受体互作以及激素合成等通路中。从差异表达基因中筛选出11个基因进行qPCR验证，有9个基因的表达趋势与RNA测序结果一致。表明沃尔巴克氏体可广泛影响果蝇头部基因的表达水平，暗示可能由此影响宿主的神经行为。

Effect of Wolbachia infection on the head transcriptome of Drosophila melanogaster

To investigate the molecular mechanism of Wolbachia on the neurobehavior of Drosophila melanogaster, RNA sequencing technology was used to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the heads of wMel Wolbachia-infected and uninfected D. melanogaster. Among these DEGs, those with large expression differences or potentially related to neural behavior were selected for qPCR validation. The results showed that 679 genes (fold change>2, P<0.05) were differentially expressed in the heads of wMel Wolbachia-infected and uninfected flies, of which 566 genes were up-regulated and 113 genes were down-regulated because of wMel Wolbachia infection. GO analysis showed that many of the DEGs were related to the metabolism, catalysis and binding. KEGG analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in protein digestion and absorption, endocrine, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and hormone synthesis pathways. Totally, 11 DEGs were selected for qPCR validation, and the results of nine genes were consistent with RNA sequencing. These suggested that Wolbachia might widely affect gene expression levels in the head, and thus influence the neurobehavior of D. melanogaster.