鳞翅目昆虫迁飞相关基因的鉴定及进化分析

为明确迁飞性昆虫迁飞行为的分子调控机制，选取12种鳞翅目昆虫为研究对象，将其分为迁飞组和非迁飞昆虫组，采用PAML软件分析单拷贝直系同源基因在2个分组中的进化速率，从基因组水平对涉及生物钟调节、神经调节和内分泌调节3类迁飞相关基因进行注释和比较。结果表明，部分基因在迁飞昆虫和非迁飞昆虫中的进化速率存在显著差异，且这些基因富集在肌肉结构发育、复眼及光感细胞发育、能量代谢、腺体发育、醇酮类及脂蛋白合成代谢、磷酸化调节等生物过程中；与神经调节相关的基因在迁飞昆虫中有不同程度的显著扩增或收缩，而涉及生物钟调节的基因中仅ebony在迁飞组昆虫中的拷贝数显著多于非迁飞组的拷贝数，与内分泌调节相关的法尼醇脱氢酶编码基因在迁飞组和非迁飞组中呈现显著差异。表明迁飞和非迁飞2组昆虫在基因组水平上存在部分基因拷贝数增加或减少的规律，可能是迁飞昆虫或非迁飞昆虫的共同特征。

Identification and evolutionary analysis of migration-related candidate genes in lepidopteran insects

To understand insect migration, 12 species of lepidopteran insects were selected and divided into migratory group and non-migratory group. PAML was used to analyze the evolution rate of single-copy homologous genes in different groups. Three kinds of migration related genes (involved in circadian clock regulation, neuroregulation and endocrine regulation) were annotated and compared at the genomic level. The results showed that the evolutionary rates of some genes in migrators were significantly different from those in non-migrators, and these differential genes were enriched in biological process like the development of muscle structure, the development of compound eyes and photosensitive cells, energy metabolism, the development of glands, synthesis and metabolism of alcohols, ketones and lipoproteins, and the phosphorylation regulation. The genes related to neural regulation were significantly expanded or contracted in migrators, while the number of ebony genes involved in circadian clock regulation was significantly higher in migrators than in non-migrators. The gene encoding farnesol dehydrogenase, which was related to endocrine regulation, differed significantly between migrators and non-migrators. The results indicated that increasing or decreasing the copy number of some genes at the genomic level might be the common feature between migrators and non-migrators.