从南庄桥遗址的稻硅酸体看早期水稻的系统演变

植物硅酸体分析是研究作物起源进化的一种有效方法.为了了解新石器时代栽培作物的种类以及栽培稻系统的历史变迁,我们从浙江省南庄桥遗址5～12层中采集了16份土样和8份陶片及红烧土进行了植物硅酸体分析.结果从14份土样和6份陶片中发现了稻的硅酸体,分别属于马家浜文化(B.C. 4500～B.C. 3800)和良渚文化(B.C. 3500～B.C. 2000),说明这个遗址及其周围从距今6000年左右起就已经栽培水稻了.对发现的稻硅酸体进行形状解析结果显示,伴随历史的发展稻硅酸体的长、宽、厚增大,形状系数b/a 减小;在4个形状特性的分布上看到同样的趋势,表明从马家浜文化到良渚文化稻的硅酸体有一个向大尺寸、尖长型方向变化的过程.根据稻硅酸体形状解析结果,我们认为遗址早期的栽培稻可能是一些正在分化的多样性的群体,随着历史的向前发展,走上大量栽培粳稻的道路.

Studies on subspecies changes of rice in the Neolithic age by analysis of morphological characteristics of plant opal from Nanzhuangqiao site

Analysis of plant opal has been proposed as an effective method to origin and evolution of crops To understand subspecies and its changes of rice cultivated at the Neolithic age with changes of times, 16 soil samples, 8 earthenware fragments and burned soils from 5 12 earth layers of Nanzhuangqiao site in Zhejiang, China were collected for analysis of plant opal Plant opals of rice were detected in 14 soil samples and 6 earthenware fragments and burned soils, from the periods of Majiabang (B C 4500 B C 3800) and Liangzhu (B C 3500 B C 2000) cultures, indicating that rice have been cultivated since B C 4000 years ago at the site or its around The results of analysis of morphological characteristic of plant opals of rice showed that the vertical, horizontal and lateral lengths appeared to rise and the b/a was the opposite Also the distributions of the vertical, horizontal and lateral lengths shifted to big value and that of b/a was the opposite with changes of times, indicating that there were changes to plant opals noted by large sized long shape during from Majiabang to Liangzhu cultures, By the results, it was proposed that the rice cultivated in the early period of the Majiabang culture were varied populations not differentiating, and japonica subspecies had increased with changes of times in the Neolithic age in Nanzhuangqiao site