植物生物技术:苏云金杆菌抗虫基因的研究和它对未来树木遗传工程的影响

许多不同的技术可以促进农业生产力的持续增长，生物技术是其中最重要和最有前途的方法。因为生物技术不仅可以增加生产力。而且在环境和自然资源的保护中起重要作用，应用生物技术可以生产高产、优质、高抗性和无病植物，同时也可以提高育种效率和促进食品的工业化生产。苏云金杆菌抗虫基因是目前生物技术领域中应用最广泛的例子之一。由此而产生的抗虫植物正在广泛应用于世界各地的商业化生产。本文综述了苏云金杆菌抗虫基因的研究进展和它在未来林木遗传工程中的应用。表4参68。

Plant biotechnology:a case study of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and its application to the future of genetic engineered trees

Agricultural productivity may be raised in a sustainable way by many different technologies such as biological fertil-izers, soil and water conservation, biodiversity conservation, improved pest control, and changes in land ownership and distri-bution. Of these measures, biotechnology applications probably hold the most promise in augmenting conventional agricul-tural productivity, because biotechnology applications give not only the need to increase production, but also protect the envi-ronment and conserving natural resources for future generations. Biotechnology applications will have the possibilities to in-crease productivity and food availability through better agronomic performance of new varieties, including resistance to pests; rapid multiplication of disease-free plants; ability to obtain natural plant products using tissue culture; diagnosis of diseases of plants and livestock; manipulation of reproduction methods increasing the efficiency of breeding; and the provision of incen-tives for greater participation by the private sector through investments. Insect resistance through the transfer of a gene for resistance from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is one of the most advanced biotechnology applications already being commercial-ized in many parts of the world. This paper reviews the development and the status of Bt technology and application of Bt transgenic plants in current agriculture, and discusses specific issues related to the transfer of the technology to the future of genetic engineered trees with emphasis on conifers.