水生野生动物自然保护区系统互动关系研究及在环境规划中运用

水生野生动物保护区是自然保护区的重要类型和组成部分,我国水生野生动物种类丰富、水生野生动物保护区数目众多。目前,水生野生动物保护区大多只重保护、不重规划,因此系统研究水生野生动物保护区对于水生野生动物的保护和管理体系的建立以及保护区可持续发展具有重要的意义。通过研究总结水生野生动物自然保护区特征:价值功能多样性、区域独特性、开放性、水资源依赖性、保护对象特殊性,根据泛生态系统理论,将保护区划分为保护对象子系统、生态支持子系统和社会经济子系统;通过研究各子系统的互动关系以建立保护区规划方案,并以怀沙河、怀九河水生野生动植物自然保护区环境规划为例,对保护区进行系统分析与评价,针对保护区存在的问题提出对策。

Interaction Relations in Aquatic Wildlife Nature Protection Zone and Their Application in Environment Programming

Aquatic wildlife protection zone is an important type and component of the nature protection zone.In our country,diversity of aquatic wildlife is abundant and aquatic figure of wildlife protection zone is numerous.In the past,the aquatic wildlife protectorate paid more attention on protection, but not programming.It causes the measure be lack of endurance and expansibility,also the systematic characteristic.it is the vital significance to research aquatic wild animal protectorate by the numbers in the aquatic wildlife's protection and the management system establishment as well as the protectorate sustainable development.It summarizes the aquatic wildlife nature protection area characteristic through system analysis: multiplicity value function,region distinctive quality,opening,water resources dependence,protection object particularity.According to extensive-ecosystem theory,it divides the protectorate into three subsystems: protection-object,ecologysupport and social-economy subsystems.The interaction chain between protection-object system and ecology-support program mainly maintains natural balanceable and dynamic relations through the positive and negative feedback mechanism in the natural ecosystems.Metabolism model including the protectorate compound ecosystem vigor is established on the base of the chain between ecology-support program and social-economy system.It is the most complex interaction relations in the protectorate programming.There are interdependent factors which maintain system through the symbiotic mechanism,including nature,environment,resources,human,economy and society and so on.It designs a set of environmental projects as the foundation of linkage and interdynamic relationship between each subsystem in the protection zone.Taking Huaisha River and Huaijiu River aquatic wildlife protection zones as example,on the base of the system analysis and evaluation,it advances the countermeasure in existence of protection zones' problem.