异源细胞质小麦的抗旱性研究

以分别具有山羊草属、小麦属和簇毛麦属的15种普通小麦近缘种细胞质的异源细胞质小麦为材料．采用高渗溶液法、水培盆栽法和田间鉴定法研究了异源细胞质对小麦抗旱性的遗传效应。结果表明，波斯小麦（T.persicum）、柱穗山羊草（Ae．cylindrica）、簇毛麦（Hanaldia villosa）和粗厚山羊草（Ae．crassu 6x）细胞质对小麦的抗旱性具有明显的遗传效应。其效应值的性质、大小与核亲毒品种的基因型有关，在特定的核质组合中波斯小麦、柱穗山羊草、簇毛麦和粗厚山羊草细胞质可明显提高小麦的抗旱性。具波斯小麦细胞质的异质系（T．persicum）-s．c66种子发芽阶段和三叶期的抗旱性比相应核亲本明显增强．并且超过抗旱品种晋麦47。成熟期的鉴定结果表明．经核基因型改良的粗厚山羊草细胞质小麦新品系NC223、NC232和NC236等15个异质系具有较强的抗旱性。因此，进一步研究异源细胞质提高小麦抗旱性的遗传机制，有助于拓宽小麦抗旱育种途径。

Studies on Drought Tolerance in Alloplasmic Wheat

Using alloplasmic wheats with the cytoplasms of 15 species of Aegilops, Triticum and Haynaldia as test materials, the genetic effects of alloplasms on drought tolerance in alloplasmic wheats were studied by means of seed germination in PEG solution, seedling development in PEG Hoagland-solution and drought-tolerant identification in the fields. The results showed that the cytoplasms of T.persicum, Ae.cylindrica, Haynaldia villosa and Ae crassa 6x had significant genetic effects on drought tolerance in common wheat, the nature and extent of effective value were related to the nuclear genotype of alloplasmic wheat, the drought tolerance of alloplasmic wheat could be significantly increased in specific NC-combination. The results from seed germination in PEG solution and seedling development in PEG Hoagland-solution indicated that alloplasmic line (T.persicum)-s.c66 was more drought-tolerant than its nuclear parent s.c66. The results of drought-tolerance identification in the fields demonstrated that 15 alloplasmic lines with improved nuclear genotypes, such as NC223, NC232 and NC236, had grade 1 or 2 of drought tolerance. Further investigating of the genetic effects of alloplasm on drought tolerance in common wheat would help expounding the genetic mechanism of drought tolerance in alloplasmic common wheat and broaden the way of drought tolerant breeding in common wheat.