半干旱地区集雨利用模式及其评价

集雨利用是半干旱地区提高生产力和实现区域农业持续发展的重要途径。该文根据国内外近年集雨利用的研究和实践，结合半干旱地区实际，总结提出了雨水收集利用的5种模式，即庭院集雨人畜饮水利用模式、庭院集雨多种经营利用模式、人工汇集雨水农田补灌利用模式、山坡地集雨林草建设利用模式和小流域集雨综合利用模式，对这些模式雨水收集和利用特点和系统化建设效果进行分析；并对集雨利用模式的效益，特别是社会、经济和生态效益评价的指标体系进行探讨，为合理和安全利用雨水资源提供参考。

Models of rainwater harvesting system and their benefit evaluation in semi-arid areas

Rainwater harvesting and utilization are important for regional development in northwestern semi-arid areas. According to research and practice development over the world in recent years, this paper summarized and brought forward five models of rainwater harvesting system in semi-arid areas, that including model of rainwater collecting by courtyard for drinking of people and livestock, model of rainwater collecting by courtyard for mixed farming, model of manpower rainwater harvesting for limited water supply in farmland, model of rainwater harvesting on slope land for rebuilding of forestry and grassland, and model of rainwater harvesting by watershed for all-around use. The characteristics of rainwater harvesting system on collecting, storing and cleaning, and using methods in different models were analyzed. On the other hand, the paper also discussed the method and index of benefit evaluation for rainwater harvesting and utilization models on society, economics and ecology, these are very useful for more suitable and safe use of rainwater resources.