阴山北麓不同用地土壤有机质含量对抗风蚀的作用研究

随着人类对土地利用的强度不断增大,改变了自然土壤表层原有的性质,并对风产生不同的抗蚀效果。不同的土地利用方式下,土壤的有机质含量是不同的。土壤有机质影响土粒间微结构的胶结力和土壤结构体间的抵抗离散力,从而影响土壤的抵抗风蚀能力。通过对阴山北麓不同土地利用方式下的土地进行野外调查取样和室内理化分析,分析了土壤有机质含量变化过程,研究了土壤有机质含量对抗风蚀的影响。结果表明：土壤有机质含量与土壤抗风蚀强度成正相关关系,也就是随着土壤有机质含量的增加,土壤的抗风蚀强度增强,凡是有机质含量较高的土地利用类型,其土壤的抗风蚀强度较强,例如：人造林地的土壤有机质含量为3.904%,其土壤风蚀相对强弱指数是1.726;未成林林地的土壤有机质含量为2.775%,其土壤风蚀相对强弱指数是23.409;人造林地的土壤有机质含量高于未成林林地,而人造林地的土壤风蚀相对强弱指数小于未成林林地,也就是人造林地的抗风蚀强度大于未成林林地。因此,应当针对阴山北麓处于西北风主风向地带、风速大、土壤风蚀易发生的实际情况,合理保护和利用有限的土地资源,使土壤资源得以保护。

Study on the Influence of the Content of Soil Organic Matters to Resistance to Wind Erosion in Different Land Use in North Foot of the Yinshan Mountain

With the aggrandizement of the land use intensity caused by human being, the property of natural surface soil was changed, and the different effect to resist wind erosion was made. The content of soil organic matters is different in different ways of land use. The organic matters affect the cementation power of the micro-configuration between the edaphic grain and the resistant discrete power in the bodies of edaphic configuration, which affects the soil ability of resisting wind erosion. Soil in different ways of land use was investigated and sampled in the north foot of the Yin Mountain and soil physical and chemical eharacteristies were analyzed in the laboratory. The mutative course to the content of soil organic matters was analyzed and the influence of the eontent of soil organic matters to the resistance of wind erosion was researched. It shows that the content of soil organic matters has positive relation to the intensity of the soil resistance to wind erosion, that is, the intensity of soil resistanee to wind erosion is increasing with the increase of the content of soil organie matters. Its intensity of soil resistance to wind erosion is strong under the ways of land use which the content of soil organic matters is high. For example, the content of soil organic matters is 3. 904% on humane-made woodland and the relative index of resistance to wind erosion is 1. 726; the content of soil organic matters is 2. 775 % on immature woodland and the relative index of resistance to wind erosion is 23. 409 on immature woodland. The content of soil organic matters on humane-made woodland is bigger than that on immature woodland, but the relative index of the resistance to wind erosion on humane-made woodland is smaller than that on immature woodland, that is,the intensity of soil resistance to wind erosion on humane-made woodland is bigger than that on immature woodland. Consequently, the soil resource should be protected and used reasonably, considered the fact that the north foot of the Yin Mountain is located at the area of northwest main wind, the wind speed is high, and the wind erosion can be happened easily.