硅提高植物耐旱性研究进展

硅对植物的生长发育及耐旱性有着重要作用，干旱胁迫会引起植物失水，抑制植物光合作用和正常生长发育、进而降低作物产量，严重威胁粮食安全。虽然硅一直不被认为是植物必需元素，但有许多研究证明，植物吸收硅后能够缓解各种逆境胁迫。系统总结了硅对干旱胁迫下植物生长发育、光合作用、渗透调节、抗氧化调节等方面的国内外研究现状。研究表明，外源硅能够促进相关渗透调节物质的合成，缓解干旱引起的渗透胁迫，还能提高相关抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化物质含量抵御氧化胁迫，从而提高植物耐旱性。但有关硅调控植物耐旱性，目前在生理层面研究较多，有关硅是通过何种途径调控干旱胁迫下植物渗透物质合成以及各种抗氧化酶活性的分子机理还不清楚，这方面可作为重点进一步研究。

Research Progress on the Improvement of PlantDrought Tolerance by Silicon

Silicon is of great significance to the growth and drought tolerance of plants. Drought stress causes water loss of plant and even inhibits plant photosynthesis and the normal growth and development of plants, which leads to the reduction of crop yield and poses serious threats to food safety. Although the silicon has long been considered as an unnecessary element for plants, many studies showed that plants can relieve many kinds of adversity stresses after absorbing silicon. This paper systematically concluded the research status at home and abroad on the role of silicon in plant growth, photosynthesis, osmotic regulation and antioxidant regulation under drought stress. The result showed that the exogenous silicon could effectively improve the synthesis of organic osmotic regulatory substances, alleviate osmotic stress under drought stress, improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of antioxidant substances to resist oxidative stress so that the drought tolerance of plants could be enhanced. However, current researches on the regulation of plant drought resistance by silicon are mostly on the physiological level. Many molecular mechanisms, such as how silicon regulates the synthesis of plant osmotic substances under drought stress and the activity of various antioxidant enzymes, are still unclear, which are the focus of future studies.