中国大豆染色体结构变异的研究

本研究利用不同地理来源的大豆４１１份与已知的具正常染色体的栽培大豆杂交，通过对Ｆ１育性观察，间接判断大豆染色体结构变异情况。研究结果表明，中国野生大豆（野生大豆、半野生大豆）染色全易位频率为７３．３％，染色体倒位为７．４％，染色体正常的野生大豆占１９．３％。栽培大豆染色体易位频率为４．７％，倒位频率为１．７％，染色估正常的频率为９３．６％。说明不同进化程度的大豆染色体结构变异频率有所不同。随着进化

STUDIES ON CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE ABERRATION OF SOYBEAN IN CHINA

The chromosome structure aberration of soybean was indirectly identified by checking the percentage of serile pollen grains in F 1 plants from crosses between 411 accessions of soybean collected from various regions in China and cultivated soybeans with normal chromosome. The results showed that the frequencies of chromosome translocation,inversion and the normal chromosome of wild soybean (including semi-wild soybean) were 73.3%,7.4% and 19.3% respectively. The frequencies of chromosome translocation, inversion and the normal chromosome of cultivated soybean (including semi-cultivated soybean) were 4.7% (all are semi-cultivated),1.7% and 93.6% respectively. The chromosome stucture aberration frequencies of different evolutionary level soybean was different. As the evolution level of the tested accessions was increased the frequency of translocation decreased. In general, the chromosome translocation frequency of wild soybean in China was high and the highest ones appeared in Hebei and Henan provinces. The frequencies were also higher in Nei Menggu and Jilin provinces. The lower frequency was located in coastal regions, including Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. The chromosome inversion frequency was higher in Liaoning,Heilongjiang,Zhejiang,Jiangsu and Henan provinces.