基于播期的温度变化对豫南粳稻播始历期和灌浆成熟期的影响

为了探索温度变化对豫南粳稻播始历期（从播种到始穗所需要的天数）和灌浆成熟期的影响,以生产上引进应用的5个品种为试验材料,于2011-2012年进行分期播种试验,探索了播期及基于播期的温度变化对参试品种生育特性的影响。研究结果表明,播始历期温度随着播种期推迟而升高,接近水稻生物学最适温度,灌浆成熟期温度随播期推迟显著降低。随着播种期推迟,播始历期缩短,灌浆成熟期延长。利用改进的水稻发育温度效应的非线性模型进行播始历期模拟,参试品种均有不同程度的感温性,感温性宁粳3号>9优418>南粳44>郑稻18>隆优1875。9优418、南粳44、宁粳3号和隆优1875灌浆成熟期长短与平均气温、最高气温和最低气温均呈极显著负相关,郑稻18与平均气温呈显著负相关,与温差呈显著正相关。隆优1875灌浆成熟期对低温敏感,21℃以下灌浆成熟期显著延长,郑稻18灌浆速度快,对低温钝感。综合考虑,播始历期和灌浆成熟期受气温影响,为安全起见,将隆优1875播种期安排在5月10日前,郑稻18播种期安排在5月下旬,而宁粳3号、南粳44和9优418,播种期安排在5月15日前后。

Effects of the Temperature Change Based on Sowing Date on the Period from Seeding to Heading and the Filling and Ripening Stage of Japonica Rice in Southern Henan Province

To explore the effects of temperature change on growth characteristics for japonica rice in southern Henan Province, five cultivars were introduced and applied as experimental materials to conduct a stage sowing test in 2011-2012. The effects of sowing date and temperature change on the growth characteristics of the tested varieties were investigated. Results showed that with the temperature from seeding to heading period increased, which was close to the biological optimum temperature of rice, the temperature of filling and ripening stage decreased significantly. With the delay of sowing date, the period from seeding to heading was shortened and filling and ripening stage was prolonged. The non-linear model of temperature effect of rice development modified by Yin Xinyou was used to simulate the period from seeding to heading, all the tested varieties showed different degrees of temperature-sensitivity. Temperature-sensitivity of varieties Ningjing 3>9 You 418>Nanjing44>Zhengdao 18>Longyou 1875. The filling and ripening stage of 9 You 418, Nanjing 44, Ningjing 3 and Longyou 1875 was significantly negatively correlated with average temperature, maximum temperature and minimum temperature. There was significant negative correlation between the filling and ripening stage of Zhengdao 18 and the average temperature and significant positively correlated with temperature difference. The filling and ripening stage of Longyou 1875 was sensitive to low temperature, when the filling and ripening stage significantly extend below 21℃, the speed for grain filling of Zhengdao 18 was fast, but insensitive to low temperature. Taking into the consideration of the effects of temperature on the number of days from seeding to heading and filling and ripening stage comprehensively, the seeding date of Longyou 1875 should be arranged before May 10, Zhengdao 18 could be postponed to the end of May, while Ningjing 3, Nanjing 44 and 9 You 418 may be planted around May 15.