施氮量对不同品种小麦物质积累、转运及产量的影响

在大田条件下,以豫麦49-198、郑麦0943、百农418、许科316为试验材料,设置施纯氮120kg/hm ²（N1）、210kg/hm ²（N2）、300kg/hm ²（N3）3个施氮水平,比较分析不同施氮量对不同品种小麦干物质、氮素积累与转运以及产量的影响。结果表明：同一品种不同施氮量处理、同一施氮量不同品种间小麦干物质积累量、干物质转运规律和氮素积累量、氮素转运规律以及子粒产量存在显著差异。适当增施氮肥可以有效增加小麦植株群体干物质积累量,成熟期,豫麦49-198和郑麦0943在N2处理干物质积累量最高,百农418和许科316在N3处理干物质积累量最高。不同品种小麦营养器官花前贮藏干物质和氮素的转运量、转运率以及物质转运对子粒的贡献率均在N2处理达到最高。豫麦49-198和郑麦0943在N2处理获得最高产量,分别达8 036.67和6 873.33kg/hm ²,百农418和许科316在N3处理获得最高产量,分别为7 636.67和7 713.33kg/hm ²。因此,在小麦生产过程中,应根据不同品种合理施氮,实现高产。

Effects of Nitrogen Application on Dry Matter Accumulation,Transport and Yield in Different Wheat Varieties

Using Yumai 49-198, Zhengmai 0943, Bainong 418 and Xuke 316 as materials, three nitrogen levels [120kg/hm ²(N1), 210kg/hm ² (N2), 300kg/hm ² (N3)] were set to study the accumulation and transport of dry matter and nitrogen and yield of different wheat varieties under different nitrogen application rate conditions. The results showed that there were significant differences in the accumulation and transport of dry matter, nitrogen and grain yield of the same wheat variety under different nitrogen application rates and the different wheat varieties under the same nitrogen application rate. Appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer could effectively increase the dry matter accumulation of wheat population. Yumai 49-198 and Zhengmai 0943 had the highest dry matter accumulation under N2 treatment at Maturity stage, Bainong 418 and Xuke 316 had the highest dry matter accumulation under N3 treatment. The translocation, translocation rate and contribution rate of dry matter and nitrogen translocation to grain at pre-anthesis storage of different wheat cultivars were the highest under N2 treatment. Yumai 49-198 and Zhengmai 0943 obtained the highest yield under N2 treatment, reached 8 036.67 and 6 873.33kg/hm ², respectively. The highest yields of Bainong 418 and Xuke 316 under N3 treatment were 7 636.67 and 7 713.33kg/hm ², respectively. Therefore, to achieve a high yield, it is necessary to apply nitrogen reasonably according to the wheat variety.