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基于纳米碳添加的减量施肥模式对寒地水稻产量及氮肥效率的影响
引用本文:怀宝东,隋文志,田艳洪,徐飞,李佩然,隋新,闫凤超,李佩珊.基于纳米碳添加的减量施肥模式对寒地水稻产量及氮肥效率的影响[J].农学学报,2020,36(1):6-13.
作者姓名:怀宝东  隋文志  田艳洪  徐飞  李佩然  隋新  闫凤超  李佩珊
作者单位:黑龙江省农垦科学院农畜产品综合利用研究所,黑龙江省农垦科学院农畜产品综合利用研究所,黑龙江省农垦科学院农畜产品综合利用研究所,黑龙江省农垦科学院农畜产品综合利用研究所,黑龙江省农垦科学院农畜产品综合利用研究所,黑龙江省农垦科学院农畜产品综合利用研究所,黑龙江省农垦科学院农畜产品综合利用研究所,黑龙江省农垦科学院经济作物研究所
基金项目:国家科技支撑计划课题“东北平原北部水稻丰产节水节肥技术研究与示范”(2013BAD07B01-06);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项 课题“松花江水生态完整性评价与生态恢复关键技术及示范”(2015ZX07201-008);黑龙江农垦总局科技支撑计划“黑龙江垦区农业清洁生产技术研 究与示范”(HNK135-02-09)。
摘    要:为了解决减量施肥造成北方寒地水稻肥料供给不足和产量低的问题,以纳米碳增效剂为材料,采用仪器快速检测和植株常规测定分析方法,研究纳米碳添加的常规施肥和减量施肥模式对水稻产量性状和肥料利用效率的影响。结果表明:与常规施肥(CK)相比,纳米碳添加的常规施肥模式(SM-A)、减施氮肥10% (SM-B)和减施氮肥20% (SM-C)对水稻植株形态特征、光合生理特性、产量性状和肥料利用效率产生显著的影响,其中以SM-B增幅最大,SM-A次之,SM-C最小;SM-A、SM-B和SM-C增加经济效益分别为563.56 Y/hm2、1374.20 Y/hm2和-1391.08 Y/hm2,以SM-B增效值最高。本研究表明,SM-B能改善生育期光合生理特性,提高植株产量和肥料利用效率,是寒地水稻较为理想的减量施肥安全利用模式。

关 键 词:寒地水稻  纳米碳  减量施肥模式  水稻产量  氮肥利用效率
收稿时间:2019/7/12 0:00:00
修稿时间:2019/9/6 0:00:00

Nanocarbon-based Fertilization Reduction Mode: The Effect on Rice Yield and Efficiency of Nitrogen Fertilizer in Cold Region
Abstract:To solve the problems of fertilizer supply shortage and low yield of rice in northern cold region caused by reduced fertilizer supply, we selected nanocrystalline carbon synergist as material, used rapid instrument detection and plant routine determination methods, to study the effects of nano- carbon added conventional fertilization mode and reduced fertilizer supply mode on yield characteristics of rice and fertilizer use efficiency. The results showed that compared with conventional fertilization mode (CK), the nano-carbon added conventional fertilization mode (SM-A), nitrogen fertilizer application of 10% reducing mode (SM-B) and nitrogen fertilizer application of 20% reducing mode (SM- C) had significant influence on rice plant morphological characteristics, photosynthetic physiological characteristics, yield characteristics and fertilizer use efficiency. Among them, SM-B had the greatest increase effect, followed by SM-A and the then SM-C. And for the aspect of economy benefit, the increased value of SM-A, SM-B and SM-C was 563.56, 1374.20 and -1391.08 yuan/hm2, respectively, SM-B got the largest economic benefit increase. This study indicates that SM-B can improve the photosynthetic physiological characteristics of rice during growth period, increase plant production and fertilizer use efficiency, it is an ideal and safe mode for reducing fertilization of rice in cold region.
Keywords:rice in cold region  nanometer carbon  reduction fertilization mode  rice yield  efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer
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