养分专家系统推荐施肥对马铃薯产量及肥料利用率的影响

为评价马铃薯养分专家系统在内蒙古马铃薯养分管理中的应用效果,在内蒙古马铃薯主产区武川县和乌兰察布市集宁区进行马铃薯养分专家系统推荐施肥定位试验。以农户习惯施肥（FP）和测土配方施肥（ST）为对照,同时设置养分专家系统推荐施肥处理（NE）、不施氮肥处理（NE-N）、不施磷肥处理（NE-P）及不施钾肥处理（NE-K）,研究马铃薯养分专家系统推荐施肥对马铃薯产量、养分利用效率以及经济效益的影响。结果表明,NE处理与FP处理相比,增产幅度可达4.22%~11.98%,与ST处理相比增产幅度为0.34%~10.02%;同时,NE处理氮肥利用效率较FP处理提高17.29%~23.00%,较ST处理提高6.21%~21.26%。本研究初步认为:通过优化推荐施肥量和施肥方法,在内蒙古马铃薯主产区养分专家系统可提高马铃薯产量和肥料利用率,同时有效降低化学肥料对马铃薯农田环境的污染风险。

Effects of Recommended Fertilization by Management Nutrition Expert System on Potato Yield and Fertilizer Use Efficiency

In order to evaluate the application effect of potato nutrient expert system in potato nutrient management in Inner Mongolia, a fertilization positioning experiment recommended by this system was carried out in Wuchuan and Jining, the two main potato producing areas in Inner Mongolia. The farmer's customary fertilization (FP) and soil testing and formula fertilization (ST) were used as controls. At the same time, the nutrient expert system recommended fertilization treatment (NE), no nitrogen fertilizer treatment (NE-N), no phosphate fertilizer treatment (NE-P), and no potassium fertilizer treatment (NE-K), the potato nutrient expert system were used to study the effect of fertilization on potato yield and nutrient use efficiency. The result showed that the yield of NE treatment increased by 4.22%-11.98% compared with FP treatment, and the yield increased by 0.34%-10.02% compared with ST treatment. Meanwhile, the fertilizer use efficiency of potato under NE treatment, especially nitrogen use efficiency increased by 17.29%-23.00% compared with FP treatment, which was 6.21%-21.26% higher than ST treatment. It was concluded that the nutrient expert system in the main potato producing areas of Inner Mongolia could improve the potato yield and fertilizer use efficiency by optimizing the recommended fertilization amount and fertilization method, and effectively reduced the risk of environmental pollution of potato farmland by the chemical fertilizer.