20年来宁夏中南部山区农业生产发展分析

以宁夏中南部山区（以下简称为“宁南山区”）为研究对象,对该区域20年来粮食生产发展进行了回顾,结果表明：宁南山区粮食产量对全区粮食总产的贡献份额呈上升趋势,2017年为40.07%,较1998年提高了11.14个百分点;夏粮种植比重大幅下降,秋粮占比快速提升;小麦、杂粮种植面积大幅压缩,玉米、马铃薯种植面积有较大提升,作物类型呈现多样化趋势;宁南山区粮食单产增长67.64%,小麦、玉米、马铃薯单产总体均呈上升趋势;除粮食作物以外的其他农作物构成中,油料作物占比大幅缩减（降低46.51个百分点）,中药材、蔬菜和瓜果逐渐提升（分别提高12.88、14.25个百分点）,青饲料所占比重超过20%;农林牧渔业人口减少,降幅达22.55%,农机化水平明显提高;地膜使用量及覆盖面积快速增长,化肥施用量先增后趋于稳定。总之,宁南山区近20年来种植结构不断优化,作物类型趋于多样,农业现代化程度明显提高。

Analysis on the Development of Agricultural Production in Central and Southern Mountainous Areas of Ningxia in Recent 20 Years

This paper reviews the development of grain production in central and southern mountainous areas of Ningxia in recent 20 years. The results showed that the contribution of grain yield to the total grain production in Ningxia showed an increasing trend, which was 40.07% in 2017, 11.14 percentage points higher than that in 1998. The proportion of summer grain planting decreased significantly, and the proportion of autumn grain increased rapidly. The area of wheat and miscellaneous grain production were greatly compressed, the planting area of maize and potato were greatly enlarged and the planting of grain showed a trend of diversification. The grain yield per unit yield increased by 67.64% in central and southern mountainous areas of Ningxia, and the yields of wheat, maize and potato showed an upward trend in general; The proportion of oil crops decreased significantly (46.51 percentage points), the proportion of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, vegetables and fruits increased gradually (12.88 and 14.25 percentage points, respectively), and the proportion of green fodder was more than 20%. The population of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery industry decreased by 22.55%, and the level of agricultural mechanization improved significantly. The amount of plastic film consumption and the coverage area increased rapidly, and the amount of fertilizer application increased first and then stabilized. Generally, the planting structure of central and southern mountainous areas in Ningxia has been optimized continuously in the past 20 years, crop types are diversified, and agricultural modernization has been significantly implemented.