俄罗斯和乌克兰引进冬小麦在我国西北地区的农艺性状表现和遗传多样性分析

为筛选优异冬小麦种质材料,促进旱地冬小麦遗传改良和种质创新,借助遗传多样性指数、非加权配对算术平均聚类方法对62份引进冬小麦种质的15个主要农艺性状进行变异情况及相关性分析,并应用熵值赋权法灰色关联理论对其进行综合评价。结果表明：供试种质资源质量性状中穗形遗传多样性指数最高（1.1417）,壳色遗传多样性指数最低（0.1407）;供试种质资源数量性状穗粒重变异系数为25.85%,穗粒数变异系数为21.04%;以欧式距离进行系统聚类,62份冬小麦种质资源可划分成4大类群,各类群特征明显,主要农艺性状间差异显著,遗传类型丰富,但不同地理来源的种质资源均具有各自独特的遗传特点。采用灰色系统理论综合评价筛选出的15份较为优异的种质产量因子极为协调,可直接作为亲本材料应用于旱地冬小麦品种改良和遗传育种。62份引进冬小麦种质资源在15个主要农艺性状上具有丰富的遗传多样性,通过综合评价筛选出的优异种质可在西北旱作区冬小麦种质创新和遗传改良中利用。

Analysis of Agronomic Characters and Genetic Diversity of 62 Winter Wheat Germplasms from Russia and Ukraine in Northwest China

In order to screen parental materials with excellent genes for the effective utilization of germplasm to promote winter wheat genetic breeding and germplasm innovation in dryland, the main agronomic characters of 62 foreign winter wheat germplasms were evaluated by genetic diversity index, unweight pairing arithmetic average clustering and correlation analysis, and the gray correlation theory of entropy weighting method. The genetic diversity index of spike shape was the highest (1.1417) in quality characters of the tested germplasms, and genetic diversity index of shell colour (0.1407) was the lowest. The variation of grain weight per spike was high (25.85%). Based on systematic clustering by Euclidean distance, 62 winter wheat germplasms were divided into 4 groups with obvious characters and significant differences in main agronomic characters. The genetic types were rich, but the germplasms from different geographical regions had their own unique genetic characters. 15 excellent germplasms were evaluated by grey system theory, and the yield factors were very coordinated. The 62 introduced winter wheat germplasms have rich genetic diversity in 15 main agronomic characters, and the excellent germplasms screened by comprehensive evaluation can be fully utilized in the innovation and genetic improvement of winter wheat germplasm in northwest dry-farming area.