油菜基质块苗移栽机倾斜式分苗装置设计与稳定性分析

针对传统移栽机在油菜移栽过程中苗块易翻倒导致分苗装置分苗失效的问题,设计了一种适用于油菜基质块苗移栽机的倾斜式分苗装置。分析了分苗装置结构组成与分苗过程,确定了分苗装置主要结构参数;构建了分苗过程依次连续输送和夹持分离阶段苗块力学模型,依据动力学分析明确了影响分苗稳定性的主要因素。分析得出,当苗块摩擦系数一定且同步带倾角在24.5°～35.0°时,有利于依次连续输送阶段苗块不翻倒;分苗夹持力越大,夹持分离阶段苗块分苗效果越优。优选得出分苗装置关键参数:同步带倾角γ为30°,分苗夹持力f_(j1)0.8 N,分苗气缸工作气压P为0.5～0.8 MPa。分苗装置分苗试验表明:苗块翻倒率为4.2%,分苗成功率为92.5%,满足油菜基质块苗分苗需求。

Design and stability analyses of inclined detach device for rapeseed substrate seedling transplanter

Mechanized transplanting of rapeseed is an efficient planting mode. However,the complicated structure and instability of seedling detaching process affects the transplanting quality of rapeseed substrate seedling. An inclined detach device for rapeseed substrate seedling transplanter was developed to solve the problem that the seedling transplanting device of the traditional transplanting machine is easy to tip over during the transplanting of rapeseed. The structural composition and the seedling detach processes were analyzed. The key components were designed and the main structural parameters of the seedling detach device were determined. A mechanical model of seedlings in the transporting and separating stages of the seedling detach process was constructed to analyze the main factors affecting the stability of the seedlings. The results showed that the seedling block was stable during the transporting stage when the frictional characteristics of the seedlings were constant and the inclination angle of the belt was between 24.5° and 35.0°. The lager of the clamping force,the better of the separation effect in the separating stage. The optimized key parameters of the seedling detach device included 30° inclination angle of the belt,lager than 0.8 N clamping force(fj1),and 0.5-0.8 MPa air pressure of the cylinder(P). The results of bench experiment showed that the capsizes rate of seedlings block was 4.2% and the detaching rate was 92.5%,meeting the needs of seedling detaching of rapeseed substrate seedling. It will provide a reference for designing detach device of rapeseed substrate seedling transplanter