施用有机肥和秸秆还田对东北苏打盐碱地水稻营养与食味品质的影响

采用田间长期定位施肥试验和实验室分析的方法,研究了苏打盐碱地稻田不同施肥措施对稻谷品质的影响。试验采用了不施肥对照（CK）、氮磷钾肥配施（NPK）、单施有机肥（M）、有机肥与氮磷钾肥配施（MNPK）和秸秆还田与氮磷钾肥配施（RNPK）共5种不同施肥处理。结果表明,4种施肥处理均较CK提高稻谷糙米率、精米率和整精米率,一定程度改善了加工品质;NPK与M处理提高了稻米外观品质,MNPK与RNPK处理使稻米外观品质有所降低;氮磷钾肥配施可以提高稻米蛋白质含量、含水量和稻米食味性。综合来看,盐碱地稻田短期内无法通过有机培肥来实现稻米品质提升,化肥合理配施应是盐碱地种稻初期阶段的重要培肥措施,盐碱地有机培肥和稻米品质提升是一个长期过程,有待进一步深入研究。

Effects of Organic Fertilizer and Straw Returning on Nutrition and Taste Quality of Rice in Saline-Sodic Soil of Northeast China

The effects of different fertilization measures on rice qualities were studied by long-term field fertilization experiment in saline-sodic soil paddy and laboratory analysis. Five different fertilization treatments including CK, NPK, M, MNPK and RNPK were used in the experiment. The results showed that four fertilization treatments improved brown rice rate, milled rice rate and head rice rate compared to CK treatment, and improved paddy rice processing quality to a certain extent; NPK and M treatments improved rice appearance quality; MNPK and RNPK treatments reduced rice appearance quality; N, P and K fertilizer combination could improve rice protein content, water content and rice taste quality, which was the best in the initial stage of rice planting in saline- sodic soil paddy. In summary, organic fertilization application cannot improve rice quality in saline-sodic soil paddy in a short time span. Rational application of chemical fertilizers should be an important fertilization measure in the primary stage of planting rice in saline-sodic soil paddy. The issue of organic fertilization application and rice quality improvement in saline-sodic soil paddy is a long-term process, which needs further study.