Effects of Low pH on Upstream Migratory Behavior in Land-Locked Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka

The effects of low pH on upstream migratory behavior in land-locked sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka were examined using 2-way flow-through channels. Homing mature salmon captured at the mouth of their native stream were used. When neutral (pH 6.7) hatchery water of the same origin as native stream water was allowed to flow through both channels, fish showed active swimming into both channels during a 48 hrs period. When water pH in one channel was lowered by the addition of sulfuric acid, salmon completely ceased upstream swimming behavior into areas of pH lower than 6.0, and swam up into only neutral areas. In the lower pond of the 2-way channels, fish also avoided acidic areas even when average pH was 6.2. Since it has been reported that extremely slight changes in pH such as in the pH 6 range inhibits spawning behavior in this species, it is suggested that land-locked sockeye salmon have a sensitive ability to perceive even slight acidity, and avoid environments which may be deleterious to their offspring.