低成本小麦微喷灌溉技术研究与效果试验

小麦为高耗水作物,其生产用水占河北省农业用水的70%,占河北省总用水量的50%左右。缺水是限制河北省小麦生产的主要因素之一。为解决小麦灌溉中存在的水资源浪费严重、农田灌溉水利用率低的问题,我们进行了低成本小麦微喷灌溉技术研究与效果试验。介绍了低成本小麦微喷灌溉技术的典型地块设计、配套设备和技术要点;并以常规畦灌为对照,在小麦生产上进行了节水、增产、增效试验,结果显示,采用该技术进行小麦生产,能够节水29.2%～41.7%、节地10.8%、节肥10.6%、省工67.4%、省电27.1%,使小麦增产11.8%,增收1 852.36元/hm^2。小麦微喷灌溉在有效节省水、肥、电、地、工的基础上实现了小麦显著增产,是一项具有发展潜力的新技术。

Study on Wheat Micro-spray Irrigation Technology of Low Cost and Effect Test

Wheat is a high water consumption crop,the production water accounted for 70% of agricultural water and about 50% of the total water consumption in Hebei Province.Water shortage is one of the major factors limiting wheat production in Hebei Province.In order to solve the problems of serious waste of water resource and low utilization rate of agricultural irrigation water in the wheat production,wheat micro spray irrigation technology of low cost was researched and its effect was tested.The typical plot design,corollary equipment and technical points of wheat micro spray irrigation technology of low cost were introduced.Then taking border irrigation as control,the test for water saving,production and benefit increasing was conducted.The results showed that wheat production using this technology could save water 29.2%-41.7%,save land 10.8%,save fertilizer 10.6%,save labor67.4%,save electricity 27.1%,increase yield 11.8% and increase income 1 852.36 yuan / hm^2.Wheat micro spray irrigation is a new technology with development potential.