氮肥施用方法对荆芥产量以及挥发油和总黄酮含量的影响

以裂叶荆芥为试验材料,设氮肥全部底施、底施＋分枝期追施、底施＋分枝期追施＋蕾期追施和不施肥（CK）4个处理,研究了等氮量条件下不同施肥方法对荆芥产量以及挥发油和总黄酮含量的影响。结果表明：施用氮肥可以促进荆芥生长,明显提高小区产量,其中底施＋分枝期追施效果最好;显著增加分枝总数和穗数,但受不同施肥方法影响不大;显著提高芥穗的总黄酮含量积累,其中底施＋分枝期追施＋蕾期追施效果最好。在氮肥等量条件下,不同施氮方法对荆芥产量以及挥发油和总黄酮含量的影响均不相同,其中,氮肥全部底施可显著增加株高,促进芥穗和全株的干物质积累,但不利于茎叶的干物质积累,可以明显提高茎叶的挥发油含量和产量,但显著抑制茎叶的总黄酮积累;底施＋分枝期追施可显著增加株高,促进干物质积累,显著提高挥发油产量以及茎叶的总黄酮含量和产量,但使挥发油含量降低;底施＋分枝期追施＋蕾期追施可使株高略有降低,促进干物质积累,提高挥发油含量和产量,但显著抑制茎叶的总黄酮积累。

Effects of Fertilization Methods of Nitrogen on Yield and Contents of Volatile Oil and Total Flavonoid of Schizonepetate nuifolia

The effects of different fertilization methods of nitrogen on yields and contents of volatile oil and total flavonoid of Schizonepetate nuifolia were studied with equal amount of nitrogen,the fertilization methods of nitrogen were planned with applying as base fertilizer, applying as base fertilizer ＋ topdressing in branching period,applying as base fertilizer ＋ topdressing in branching period ＋ topdressing in budding period,no fertilizer（ CK）.The results showed that application of nitrogen fertilizer could promote the growth and significantly improve the yield of Schizonepetate nuifolia,the effect of applying as base fertilizer ＋ topdressing in branching period was best.The application of nitrogen fertilizer also could significantly increase the total number of branches and the panicle number,it was not affected by fertilization method.The total flavonoid content was increased significantly by application of nitrogen,and the fertilization method with best effect was applying as base fertilizer ＋ topdressing in branching period ＋ topdressing in budding period.The effects of different fertilization methods on yield and contents of volatile oil and total flavonoid were different in the conditions of equal amount of nitrogen,applying nitrogen as base fertilizer could significantly increase the plant height,improve the accumulation of dry matter of spikes and whole plant,but make it difficult for the accumulation of dry matter of stems and leaves,and also obviously improve the volatile oil content and yield of stems and leaves,but significantly inhibite the accumulation of total flavonoids of stems and leaves.The fertilization method of applying as base fertilizer ＋ topdressing in branching period could significantly increase plant height and the accumulation of dry matter,increase the volatile oil yield Table 2 The fertilization amount and time of nitrogen on Schizonepetate nuifolia（ kg / hm^2）and the total flavonoids content and yield of stems and leaves, but decrease the volatile oil content.