林产化学品的前景(英文)

早在有史以前,人们已经利用那些易于获得的树木提取物为人类提供了许多必需品,以后,不同国家的科学家们经过长期互相协作研究,分离出其有效组分,阐明了它们的结构,作到了化学合成和生物合成,还确定了控制它们在植物中生成的某些生物因素。今天在有机化学上的许多进展都是从175年以前的这些研究中发展而来的。近年技术的发展,质量标准的提高以及价格竞争都要求有特殊性质的原料以满足特殊的需要。当今技术的迅速发展使国际间的出口局限于那些价格低廉、质量较高的基本原料,或具有不能替代的特有成分的产品。在资源日益减少的今日世界必须更重视特定地区再生资源的保护和最大限度的发展,以及生产所需产品的最有效的技术。为此目的,对树木的生理和化学还需要更深刻的认识。

THE FUTURE OF FOREST CHEMICALS

From prehistoric times, those exudates and extractives which could be readily obtained were used, and sometimes modified, to provide many of man's needs. Later, long term and cooperative studies by scientists in different countries isolated the effective compounds, elucidated their constitution, achieved their synthesis and biosynthesis, and determined some of the biological factors controlling their formation in plants. Many of the present-day developments in organic chemistry have resulted from these studies commenced 175 years ago. Recent technological developments, rising standards of quality and cost competitiveness require raw materials with particular properties to meet specific needs. The current rapid technological developments limit international exports to low-cost, basic raw materials of appropriate quality, or to specific compounds for which there are no alternatives. In a world of reducing resources, greater attention must be given to the protection and maximum growth of renewable resources in selected regions and to the techniques producing the largest yields of the desired products. Greater understanding of chemistry, tree physiology and genetics is needed to achieve this aim.