甘蓝型油菜黄籽粒色性状研究

从结构解剖、生理生化、遗传和分子生物学等方面对20多年来国内外甘蓝型黄籽油菜的研究成果进行了综述。解剖学研究揭示了甘蓝型黄籽油菜不耐自交的原因，色素物质存在的部位及种皮颜色变化过程；生理生化方面认为花色素、多酚和类黄酮对未成熟种子的种皮颜色有决定作用，黑色素决定了成熟种子种皮颜色。花色素可能由游离苯丙氨酸转化而来，黑色素由游离酪氨酸和多酚为前体合成的，并以邻苯二酚型为主要组成成分；品质性状方面的研究表明：粒色浅，则种皮薄，种皮纤维素含量低，而种子含油量，胚含油量及皮壳含油量就高，但粒色与种子含油量的相关是通过皮壳率和皮壳含油量而体现的。种皮厚，种皮纤维素含量高，千粒重小。单株粒重越大，胚蛋白质含量就高；黄籽粒色主要受母本基因型影响，至少受2对基因控制，环境及农艺措施也影响种皮色泽，其遗传复杂性可能由于不同的A和C基因组控制粒色基因位点间互作，或转座子控制导致的；可以通过系统选育、杂交选育、理化诱变及生物技术选育等方法获得甘蓝型黄籽油菜。

The Study of Seedcoat Color in Yellow-seeded Brassica napus

This article summarizes the major results of the study on yellow-seeded B. napusworld-wide in recent 20 years on the base of structure anatomy, physiology & biochemistry, inheritance and molecular biology etc. The anatomy observation discloses the causes why yellow-seeded B. napus can not be self-mated frequently and shows the existent position of pigments and the process of the seedcoat color changing. The results from physiological & biochemical research show that anthocyanin, polyphenol and flavonoid decide the seedcoat color of premature seeds, while the mature seeds seedcoat color is determined by melanin. The anthocyanin in the seedcoat came from free phenylalanine mainly, the melanin consisting of pheomelanin in the seedcoat came from free tyrosine and polyphenol. Quality analyses show that when the seedcoat color is lighter, the seedcoat is thinner and the content of the fibrin is lower,and consequently oil content of the seed,the embryo and the hull will be higher. The relations between the seedcoat color and oil content of the seed are displayed by the rate of the hull and oil content of the hull. When the seedcoat is thicker, the fibrin content is higher and the 1000-seeds weight is lower; when the seed weight of a plant is bigger, the protein content of the embryo is higher. The inheritance of the seedcoat color was controlled by the maternal genotype mainly, at least controlled by two genes, also influenced by environments and measures of agriculture. The complexity of the seedcoat color inheritance can possibly be explained by interactions of different genes frome A and C genomes controlling seedcoat color, or affected by transposons. Yellow-seed B. napus can be obtained by systematic selection breeding, hybridization breeding, physical & chemical mutagenesis and biotechnologies etc.