马铃薯联合收获机环形减损集薯升运装置设计与试验

针对现有马铃薯联合收获机升运输送行程长而导致伤薯率高、破皮率高、机具结构不紧凑等问题,结合北方马铃薯主产区收获模式,设计了一款适用于马铃薯升运作业的环形减损集薯升运装置。在阐述总体结构及工作原理基础上,结合马铃薯运动学模型和碰撞特性分析,得到影响升运效率和薯块损伤的主要因素,通过DEM-MBD耦合构建薯块和装置模型,得到最优参数组合：升运挡板高度为199.21 mm、升运挡板与升运输送带间夹角为75.86°、相邻两升运挡板间距为240.35 mm。台架试验表明：上料量为24 t/h,升运输送带运行速度为0.8、1.0、1.2 m/s时,电子马铃薯采集的碰撞加速度峰值平均值为636.63、593.29、685.63 m/s²,破皮率为1.13%、1.06%、1.21%,碰撞加速度峰值均小于马铃薯临界损伤阈值。田间试验表明：作业速度为0.6、0.7、0.8 m/s时,伤薯率为0.94%、1.06%、1.12%,破皮率为1.09%、1.21%、1.33%,环形减损集薯升运装置运行正常,未出现薯块掉落等现象,各部件配合协调,满足装袋型马铃薯联合收获机高效稳定的作业要求。

Design and Experiment of Circular Reducing and Collecting Potato Lifting Device for Potato Combine Harvester

In response to the problems of high potato damage rate, high peeling rate, long transportation distance, and large volume of existing potato combine harvesters, combined with the harvesting mode in the main potato production areas of northern China, circular loss reducing and collecting potato lifting device suitable for potato lifting operations was designed based on bagging potato combine harvesters. On the basis of expounding the overall structure and working principle, combined with the analysis of potato kinematics model and impact characteristics, it was found that the main factors affecting the lifting efficiency and potato damage of the device were the height of the lifting baffle, the angle between the lifting baffle and the lifting belt, the distance between two adjacent lifting baffles, and the running speed of the lifting belt, a simulation model of potato and circular loss reducing and collecting potato lifting device was constructed through DEM-MBD coupling, and single factor and multi factor experiments were conducted on the influencing factors. The optimal parameter combination for the circular loss reducing and collecting potato lifting device was obtained through parameter optimization: the height of the lifting baffle was 199.21mm, the angle between the lifting baffle and the lifting belt was 75.86°, and the distance between adjacent lifting baffles was 240.35mm. The results of the inter bench test showed that when the loading rate was 24t/h and the conveyor belt speed was 0.8m/s, 1.0m/s and 1.2m/s, the average values of the five collision acceleration peaks collected by the electronic potato were 636.63m/s2,593.29m/s2, 685.63m/s2, with skin breaking rates of 1.13%, 1.06%, 1.21%, respectively. The collision acceleration peaks were all smaller than the critical damage threshold of the potato. Field experiments showed that at operating speeds of 0.6m/s, 0.7m/s and 0.8m/s, the potato damage rates were 0.94%, 1.06% and 1.12%, and the skin breaking rates were 1.09%, 1.21% and 1.33%, respectively, the circular loss reducing and collecting potato lifting device operated normally without any phenomenon of potatoes falling. The coordination of various components ensured that the bagging type potato combine harvester was in an efficient and stable operating state.