Diversity of microorganisms from forest soils differently polluted with heavy metals |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Open-strip Mining, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland;2. Department of Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Gagarina 9, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;3. Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;1. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China;2. Shanghai Agricultural Extension and Service Center, Shanghai, 201103, China;3. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China;1. Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA;2. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA;3. Department of Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA;1. School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China;2. Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China;3. School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410012, China |
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| Abstract: | Large accumulation of heavy metals in organic layers of forest soils may adversely affect the structure and diversity of microbial communities. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of different soil chemical properties on structure and diversity of microbial communities in soils polluted with different levels of heavy metals. The soil samples were taken at ten sites located in the vicinity of the cities of Legnica and Olkusz, differently polluted with Cu, Zn and Pb. The samples were measured for pH and the contents of organic C (Corg), total N (Nt), total S (St) and total Zn, Cu and Pb. The measured gross microbial properties included microbial biomass (Cmic) and soil respiration (RESP). The structure of soil microbial communities was assessed using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and the structure of soil bacterial communities using pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes. To assess diversity of the bacterial communities the Chao1 index was calculated based on the pyrosequencing data. For Cmic and RESP the most important factors were Nt and Corg, respectively. The structure and diversity of soil microbial communities revealed by PLFA profiles and pyrosequencing depended mainly on soil pH. The effect of high heavy metal contents on soil microbial properties was weaker compared with other soil properties. High concentrations of heavy metals negatively affected RESP and the Chao1 diversity index. The heavy metal pollution altered the structure of microbial communities measured with PLFA analysis, but the effect of heavy metal pollution was not observed for the structure of soil bacteria measured by pyrosequencing. The obtained results indicate that the use of soil microbial properties to study heavy metal effects may be difficult due to confounding influences of other environmental factors. In large-scale studies local variability of soil properties may obscure the effect of heavy metals. |
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