Increased microbial activity and nitrogen mineralization coupled to changes in microbial community structure in the rhizosphere of Bt corn |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Univ. San Pablo CEU, Facultad de Farmacia, Dpto. Biology, 28668-Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain;2. Ecology & Biodiversity, Dept of Biology, Utrecht University, Kruyt-building, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands;3. National Research Council Canada, Biotechnology Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada;1. State Key Program of Microbiology and Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;2. Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;1. Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, Siena 53100, Italy;2. Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy;3. Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, I-00185, Italy;1. Food Technology Department, Lleida University, XaRTA-Postharvest, Agrotecnio Center, Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain;2. IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain;1. Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa;2. Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;3. Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa;4. Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, FABI, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;1. Department of Machine Design and Mechatronics, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;2. Department of Applied Mechanics, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;1. Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l''Analisi dell''Economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca per lo Studio delle Relazioni tra Pianta e Suolo (CREA-RPS), Via della Navicella 2–4, 00184 Rome, Italy;2. Dipartimento di Biologia ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, 00185 Rome, Italy;3. Natural History Museum, Life Sciences Department, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK |
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| Abstract: | The interactions between plant roots and soil microorganisms are essential for the function and stability of ecosystems, primary agricultural production and plant health. Despite the importance of soil microbes the response of these microbes to large-scale cultivation of genetically modified (GM) crops is still poorly understood. This study evaluated the potential impact of two lines of transgenic Bt maize on rhizosphere microorganisms. A time-course field experiment was conducted over a period of two years in two fields in Guadalajara (Spain) with monthly sampling from April to September. Rhizosphere soil was collected from transgenic (TG) and unmodified (WT) maize plants from each field and sampling time for the analysis of several important functional and structural soil quality parameters. Total microbial activity, as determined by H3-Thymidine and C14-Leucine incorporation, was found to be higher in the rhizospheres of the transgenic plants. Similarly, differences in potential ammonification and nitrification were observed in the second year of the study. In contrast, bacterial and fungal microbial catabolic abilities, as determined by Biolog ECO and FF plate analyses, respectively, were more influenced by sampling time than the transgenic nature of the plants. Microbial community structure was also studied by bacterial and phylum-specific PCR-DGGE and PCR cloning approaches. In general, differences were again more pronounced between sampling times, as opposed to between TG versus WT plants, although marked differences were observed within the Betaproteobacteria between plant lines. For the first time it describes the presence of Iamiaceae family in soil, specifically to TG plant rhizosphere. To summarize, the study showed that some important properties of rhizopshere microbes may be impacted by Bt maize cultivation and highlighted the fact that such potential effects need to be viewed within the context of seasonal and spatial variability. |
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| Keywords: | Bt corn Rhizosphere Microbial communities Nitrogen cycle PCR-DGGE Biolog |
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