中间集抛后送式双侧斜输烟草培土机设计与试验

针对南方丘陵山区烟叶种植区传统铣抛式培土作业存在土块抛送不集中、定点覆土效果差等问题，采用“旋耕碎土—集中后抛—斜置送土”的作业方式，设计一款中间集抛后送式双侧斜输烟草培土机。根据土壤铣削加工和土壤螺旋输送器输送原理，对整机土壤加工关键部件进行了研究，分析集中后抛斜输过程，确定了培土机的主要结构和工作参数。利用EDEM离散元仿真，建立培土作业仿真模型，以机具前进速度、旋耕深度、螺旋输送器轴转速为试验因素，培土高度、培土幅度、取土率为试验指标，进行了二次正交旋转回归仿真试验与优化，得到最优工作参数。田间试验结果表明，作业后沟底土壤松碎，培土土量均匀，培土高度为24.37 mm,培土幅度为130.42 mm,取土率为21.19%,与仿真结果误差分别为12.21%、1.90%、10.44%。能够满足烟田培土需求，为烟草培土技术农机农艺融合提供了新途径。

Design and Test of Soil-banking Machine with Centralized Soil Feeding and Double-sided Lateral Delivery for Tobacco

Soil cultivation, the part and parcel of crop farming, can provide a good peripheral environment for tobacco growth. In order to solve the problems of traditional soil cultivation''s operation, including the lack of centralized throwing soil and the poor effect of fixed-point covering soil at tobacco fields in southern China. The soil-banking machine with centralized soil feeding and double-sided lateral delivery was designed for tobacco based on the mode of breaking up the soil after rotary tilling, centralizing throwing soil and soil lateral delivery. The soil engaging component was researched and the process about centralized soil throwing and lateral delivery on the basis of the theory of soil milling and soil auger conveying was analyzed, and the main structure and operation parameters of the equipment was confirmed. Based on the EDEM discrete element simulation technology, a component-soil simulation model was established. The forward speed, rotary tillage depth, and rotation speed of the auger shaft were the test factors. The soil height, soil width, and soil fetching rate were used as test indicators, and the simulated quadratic orthogonal rotation regression test was carried out. Field experiments were conducted on the basis of simulation. On the basis of simulation test values, the test factors were optimized and analyzed. It illuminated that when the forward speed was 0.4m/s, the rotary tillage depth was 60mm and rotation speed of the auger shaft was 339r/min, and the soil height was 27.76mm, the soil width was 132.94mm, and the soil fetching rate was 23.66%. The field test results showed that the soil at the trench was loosened and cultivated soil working was stable, and its soil height was 24.37mm, soil width was 130.42mm, and soil fetching rate was 21.19%. The deviation of the test index was respectively 12.21%, 1.90% and 10.44%, and the research result would provide a way to strengthen integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy about tobacco soil cultivation technology.