人参灰霉病菌生物学特性研究

目的]系统研究人参灰霉病菌（Botrytis cinereaPers）的生物学特性。方法]在田间采集具有典型症状的人参灰霉病病组织,采用组织分离法分离病菌,获得纯培养,研究培养基、温度、pH值、碳源、氮源对人参灰霉病菌孢子生长特性的影响。结果]人参灰霉病菌菌丝生长及产孢最适温度为25℃,分生孢子萌发适宜温度为2025℃;病菌菌丝生长及分生孢子萌发最适宜pH值为6.0。对碳源的利用以蔗糖最佳,其次为葡萄糖和果糖;氮源以蛋白胨最佳,其次为牛肉膏、酵母汁、丙氨酸、硝铵;在不同的培养基里以PDA培养基中培养的菌丝生长最快,产生灰色菌丝,菌落浓密。菌核、菌丝和分生孢子的致死温度分别为60、55和50℃。结论]该研究结果可为人参灰霉病发病规律的研究和病害防治提供科学依据。

Study on Biology Characteristic of Botrytis cinerea Pers

Objective]The study aimed to systematically research the biology characteristic of Botrytis cinerea Pers.Method]The diseased tissues with typical symptom from B.cinerea were selected in the field.The pathogenic bacteria was isolated by tissue segregation method and got pure culture so as to study the effects of medium,temperature,pH value,carbon source,nitrogen source on the growth characteristic of B.cinerea spores.Result]The optimum temperature for the hypha growth and sporulation of B.cinerea was 25 ℃.The temperature range of conidia germination was 20-25 ℃.And the optimum pH value for the germ hypha growth and conidia germination was 6.0.The optimum carbon source was sucrose and the second was glucose and fructose.The optimum nitrogen source was peptone and the second were beef extract,yeast extract,alanine and ammonium nitrate.Among the media,the growth of hypha cultured from PDA medium was fastest,with the production of gray hypha and dense colonies.The lethal temperature of the sclerotia,hypha and conidia germination was 60,55 and 50 ℃.Conclusion]The study provided the scientific basis for the research on the disease rule of B.cinerea and its prevent and control.