多个藜麦种质在滇中地区的产量及主要农艺性状评价

通过探究22份南美藜麦种质在滇中红土地的产量适应性及主要农艺性状分析,筛选适应滇中红土地的优良种质。结果表明：该批藜麦种质的各农艺性状变异系数均大于10%,种质类型丰富,产量稳定性较好(CV<18.50)。种质Fl4、Fl7、Br3和Br5的种子产量(4105、4049、4028和4057 kg.hm-2)较高,产量的稳定性较好(CV<11%),适合在该地区种植。4份高产种质的生育期较短(122~125 d),植株生物量较高(8756、8703、9135和8722 kg.hm-2),种子全N含量(19.5、21.5、17.9和17.9 g.kg-1)相对较高、种子直径(1.96、1.92、2.07和2.01 mm)高于平均值(1.89 mm),主根长(26.0、28.1、27.2和28.0 cm)高于平均值(25.5 cm)。种质Br3和Br5的千粒重较优(3.982和4.141 g.1000 seeds-1),种质Fl4果实质量比及收获指数较大(0.66和0.50)。相关分析表明,种子产量与株高、地径、总生物量和收获指数等性状均呈显著正相关(r=0.208~0.943, P<0.01)。通径分析表明,地径、收获指数和株高是直接影响藜麦种子产量的重要性状。株高、主根长、分枝数和有效分枝数4个性状通过地茎粗对种子产量的影响较大。在后续的生产试验中,除了关注产量构成因素,还应将生物量、地径、株高和收获指数等性状综合现较优作为高产种质选育的依据。

Evaluation of yield and agronomic traits of some quinoa germplasm in central Yunnan

With 22 quinoa germplasm originated from South America, a field experiment was carried out in the red soil of central Yunnan. By exploring the yield adaptability and analysis of main agronomic traits, the excellent germplasm suitable for the red soil of Central Yunnan was screened. The results showed that the coefficient of variation of each agronomic character and the seed quality of this batch of quinoa was more than 10%, which indicated the germplasm types were rich, and the yield stability was excellent (CV<18.50), suitable for growing in this area. Germplasm Fl4, Fl7, Br3 and Br5 had higher seed yields (4105, 4049, 4028 and 4057 kg.hm-2) and better yield stability (CV<11%).The four high-yield germplasm had shorter growth period (122~125 d), higher plant biomass (8756, 8703, 9135 and 8722 kg.hm-2), higher total N content (19.5, 21.5, 17.9 and 17.9 g.kg-1), higher seed diameter (1.96, 1.92, 2.07 and 2.01 mm) than average 1.89 mm, and higher main root length (26.0, 28.1, 27.2 and 28.0 cm) than average 25.5 cm.1000-seed weight of germplasm Br3 and Br5 was better (3.982 and 4.141 g.1000 seeds-1), and fruit mass ratio and harvest index of germplasm Fl4 were higher (0.66 and 0.50).Correlation analysis showed that seed yield was significantly positively correlated with plant height, ground diameter, total biomass and harvest index (r= 0.208~0.943, P<0.01).Path analysis showed that stem diameter, harvest index and plant height were important traits that directly affected the seed yield of quinoa. Plant height, main root length, number of branches and number of effective branches had great influence on seed yield through stem diameter. In the following production experiments, besides paying attention to the yield components, we should also take the synthesis of biomass, ground diameter, plant height and harvest index as the basis for the breeding of high-yield germplasm.