烟叶复烤废弃物烟梗灰在烤烟生产上的应用研究

为探索烟梗灰在烤烟生产上的应用效果，解决烟梗灰的废物利用问题，实现烟草废弃物循环经济的目的，采取烟梗灰为原料配制的基、追肥与常规烟草基、追肥进行大田对比试验，研究烟梗灰不同的配施方式对烤烟农艺性状及产量品质的影响。结果表明：（1）施用烟梗灰可以延长烤烟大田生育期，促进烟叶充分成熟和干物质积累；（2）施用烟梗灰可以提高烤烟农艺性状，圆顶期最大叶面积分别比对照增加了11.3%~20.7%；（3）施用烟梗灰可以有效提升烤烟的产、质量，其中T1处理（基肥：菜饼 378 kg/hm²+烟梗灰252 kg/hm²+磷酸二铵212.55 kg/hm²+硝钙220.65 kg/hm²；追肥：烟梗灰735 kg/hm²+尿素96.45 kg/hm²）效果最佳，产量上增加了75.6 kg/hm²，烟农纯收入增加了5952.9元/hm²，相比对照提高了14.85%。因此，烟梗灰基、追配方处理(T1)是烟梗灰在烤烟生产上利用的最佳方式，适合湖南永州烟区推广应用。

Research on Application of Tobacco Redrying Waste Tobacco Stalk Ash in Flue-cured Tobacco Production

In order to investigate the effect of tobacco stalk ash in flue-cured tobacco planting, realize the waste utilization of tobacco stalk ash in flue-cured tobacco production, a field experiment was carried out by using tobacco stalk ash as raw material to form base fertilizer and topdressing in contrast with general base fertilizer and topdressing, the tobacco agronomic traits, tobacco quality and economic traits with different distributions and applications of tobacco stalk ash were evaluated. The results showed that: (1) using tobacco stalk ash could prolong flue-cured tobacco growing stage, and promote fully mature and dry matter accumulation of tobacco leaf; (2) using tobacco stalk ash could improve agronomic characters of flue-cured tobacco, the maximum leaf area increased by 11.3%-20.7% in dome duration compared with the control treatment; (3) using tobacco stalk ash could improve tobacco quality and yield, among all the treatments, T1 (base fertilizer: rape-seed cake 378 kg/hm², tobacco stalk ash 252 kg/hm², diammonium phosphate 212.55 kg/hm² and calcium nitrate 220.65 kg/hm²; topdressing: tobacco stalk ash 735 kg/hm² and urea 96.45 kg/hm²) had the best effect; compared with the control, the yield increased by 75.6 kg/hm², the pure income of tobacco grower increased by 5952.9 yuan /hm², 14.85% higher than that of the control. Accordingly, the treatment of using tobacco stalk ash as raw material to form base fertilizer and topdressing (T1) was the best way of tobacco stalk ash utilization in flue-cured tobacco production, suitable for application in Yongzhou tobacco area of Hunan.