油莎豆窝眼排种轮低位集穴排种器设计与试验

结合油莎豆物料特性和黄淮海区域油莎豆种植农艺要求,针对油莎豆种子表面凹凸不平、形状不规则导致的流动性差、充种性能不佳和每穴3粒种子投种时轴向分散等问题,设计了一种油莎豆V形凹槽窝眼排种轮低位集穴排种器。通过对窝眼排种轮直径、型孔以及其表面增设的V形凹槽进行设计,提高了精量分离充种性能;在窝眼排种轮下方加设低位投种集穴装置,既可降低投种高度,又可将分散下落的种子向中间聚集,提高了成穴效果。利用EDEM软件对排种器进行了运动特性仿真,分析了不同结构参数对充种效果的影响,确定了窝眼排种轮的结构参数;以窝眼排种轮转速、种层高度和型孔宽度为试验因素,以合格指数、漏播指数和重播指数为试验指标,进行了二次回归正交旋转组合仿真试验。仿真试验结果表明：影响合格指数的主次顺序为窝眼排种轮转速、型孔宽度、种层高度;当窝眼排种轮转速为22.10r/min、型孔宽度为14.23mm、种层高度为52.59mm时,合格指数为92.11%、漏播指数为2.24%、重播指数为5.65%。最后进行了台架试验,对仿真结果进行了验证,得出油莎豆低位集穴排种器的充种和集穴性能较好,满足油莎豆精密播种要求。

Design and Test of Cyperus esculentus Cell-wheel Seed-metering Device with Low-position Seeding and Cavitation Function

Combining the characteristics of Cyperus esculentus-seeds and the requirements of planting in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, in order to solve the problems of poor fluidity, poor filling-seed performance and three seeds per hole scattered and falling due to the uneven surface and irregular shape of the Cyperus esculentus-seeds, a Cyperus esculentus cell-wheel seed-metering device with low-position seeding and cavitation function and V-shaped groove was designed. Through the design of the diameter and the type hole of the metering wheel and the additional V-shaped groove on its surface, the precision separation, and filling-seed performance was improved; a low-position seeding and cavitation device was added under the metering wheel, which can be used to lower the height of seeding and it can also gather the scattered and falling seeds in the middle, which improved the effect of cavitation. The movement characteristics of the seed metering device were simulated through the EDEM, the influence of different structural parameters on the filling-seed performance was analyzed, and the structural parameters of the metering wheel were determined. The speed of the metering wheel, the height of the seed layer and the width of the type hole were taken as the test factors, and the three factors of the seeding qualified index, missing index, and multiple index were used as test indicators, and the quadratic rotation orthogonal combination test was carried out. The simulation test results showed that the primary and secondary order that affected the qualified index of the number of seeds was the speed of the metering wheel, the width of the type hole, and the height of the seed layer; when the speed of the metering wheel was 22.10r/min, the width of the type hole was 14.23mm and the height of the seed layer was 52.59mm, the qualified index was 92.11%, the missing index was 2.24%, and the multiple index was 5.65%. Finally, a bench test was carried out to verify the simulation results, and it was concluded that the Cyperus esculentus metering device with low-position seeding and cavitation function had better filling seed and cavitation performance, which met the requirements of precise seeding of Cyperus esculentus.