野生柑橘宜昌橙分布特征及资源评价

宜昌橙（Cirtus caraleriei）是中国特有的野生柑橘资源，为柑橘属中抗寒性最强的原始野生种类，较耐瘠薄和荫蔽，果实供药用，可作柑橘的抗逆砧木和矮化砧木。通过研究国内主要标本馆的馆藏标本和文献资料，分析了宜昌橙的地理分布特征与主要分布区的资源特点。基于402份宜昌橙馆藏标本的分析结果表明: 野生宜昌橙主要分布于我国南方的四川、重庆、湖北、湖南、贵州、广西、云南、陕西、甘肃等9个省区、直辖市，分布区域广、海拔差异较大；不同地区宜昌橙生境和分布数量存在较大差异，陕西和甘肃两个地区采集标本的数量明显少于其他地区，为宜昌橙分布的最北沿；虽然分布点较多，但每个居群的个体数较少，资源储量严重不足。研究结果可为研究宜昌橙的地理分布及资源开发利用、保护等研究提供基础资料。

Distribution characteristics and resource evaluation of Citrus caraleriei

Citrus cavaleriei is a unique wild Citrus resource in China, which is the primitive wild species with the strongest cold resistance in Citrus, with infertility resistance and shade tolerance. The fruits can be used for traditional Chinese medicine, and a stress-resistant rootstock and dwarf rootstock of Citrus. In order to systematically study the geographical distribution and resource characteristics of C. cavaleriei in China, the geographical distribution pattern of C. cavaleriei and the resource characteristics of the main distribution areas were analyzed by investigating the collected specimens of the main specimen museums in China and literatures. Based on the analysis of 402 collected specimens of C. cavaleriei, the results show that wild plants of C. cavaleriei are mainly distributed in nine provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in the south China,, namely Sichuan, Chongqin, Hubei, Hunan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Yunnna, Shaanxi and Gansu with wide distribution area and obvious difference of altitude. There are differences in habitat and distribution quantity of C. cavaleriei in different regions, and the number of specimens collected in Shaanxi and Gansu is obviously less than that in other regions, which is the northernmost edge of C. cavaleriei distribution. Although there are many distribution places, the number of individuals in each population is less, and the resource reserves are seriously insufficient. The results can provide basic materials for studying the geograohic distribution of C. cavaleriei.