不同类型专用小麦品种胚乳发育的比较研究

为揭示不同类型专用小麦品种胚乳发育的差异,以强筋小麦皖麦38和弱筋小麦扬麦9号为材料,比较了两者胚乳细胞游离核分裂状况、细胞数目的增殖变化、细胞体积的变化、糊粉层发育、淀粉体和蛋白质体发育等内容,主要结果如下：（1）皖麦38游离核有丝分裂所占比例较大,扬麦9号无丝分裂所占比例较大,且受温度影响较大;（2）胚乳细胞增殖均呈"S"型曲线变化,皖麦38胚乳细胞增殖较快,胚乳体积较大,最终粒重较高;（3）皖麦38胚乳细胞中大淀粉体数目多于扬麦9号,而小淀粉体数目表现却相反;（4）皖麦38与扬麦9号相比较,糊粉层出现时间较晚,而且糊粉层细胞壁较厚,被甲苯胺蓝染色更浓;（5）成熟籽粒中淀粉粒形状有饼形、椭圆形和近圆球形三种。皖麦38胚乳中饼形和椭圆形淀粉粒较多,且相互结合较紧密;扬麦9号饼形和近球形淀粉粒较多,胚乳结构疏松。

Study on Endosperm Development between Wheat Cultivars for Different Uses

To clarify endosperm development between wheat cultivars for different uses, Wanmai 38 and Yangmai 9 responsible for strong and weak gluten types,respectively, were used to study division of endosperm free nucleus, proliferation and volume changes of endosperm cells, the development of amyloplast, protein body and aleuronic layer. The main results were as follows: (1) The divisions of the free nucleus in Wanmai 38 endosperm was mainly the mitosis, while those in Yangmai9 mainly the amitosis, which were affected by temperature; (2)The changes of endosperm cells presented S curve during the endosperm development, the endosperm cells of Wanmai 38 divided more rapidly, cell volume was larger, grain weight was higher; (3) Wanmai 38 had greater large starch granules but fewer small starch granules, while Yanmai 9 was on the contrary; (4) The aleurone layer appeared at about 9 days after anthesis, the cell wall of the aleurone layer in Wanmai 38 was thicker and dyed more denser than that in Yanmai 9;(5) There were three kinds of starch granules in endosperm cells, which was cake , ellipsoid ,ball shape, respectively. There were more starch granules of cake and ellipsoid shape in Wanmai38, but more starch granules of cake and ball shape in Yangmai9. The starch granules distribution in Wanmai 38 was closer than that in Yangmai 9.