基于生态安全格局的国土空间生态修复关键区域定量识别——以贵州省为例

为揭示贵州省生态安全格局空间分布特征并识别其国土空间生态修复关键区域,通过生态敏感性评价结合自然保护地识别生态源地,基于最小累积阻力模型和电路理论提取生态廊道,构建生态安全格局后由电流密度诊断生态障碍区并制定生态修复策略。结果表明:(1)研究区识别生态源地26 017.90 km²,其中大型生境斑块主要分布在贵州省东部; 生态阻力面呈“西聚集东分散,由市中心向外扩散”的特征。(2)构建了生态廊道1 414条,长34 765.84 km,主要分布在河流廊道、林地丰富和较平坦地区。(3)诊断出生态障碍区1 374处,面积3 903.04 km²,集中分布在研究区西部及西北部,其他区域较零散,主要为耕地和林地。(4)基于构建的生态安全格局,强化生态源地保护,修复生态障碍区且对不同生态景观提出具有针对性的修复策略并联动各类各级修复工程。研究可为贵州省生态安全格局优化提供理论指导,为国土空间生态保护修复提供参考。

Quantitative Identification of Key Areas of Land Space Ecological Restoration Based on the Ecological Security Pattern

In order to reveal the spatial distribution characteristics of the ecological security pattern in Guizhou Province and identify the key areas for ecological restoration in its national land space, we used ecological sensitivity evaluation to identify ecological sources by combining with nature reserves, extracted ecological corridors based on the least cumulative resistance model and circuit theory in order to build an ecological security patterns and develop ecological restoration strategies based on the diagnoses of ecological barrier areas by current density. The results are as followings.(1)The study area covered an ecological source area of 26 017.90 km², among which large habitat patches mainly distributed in the eastern part of Guizhou Province. The ecological resistance surface showed the characteristics of ‘gathering in the west and scattering in the east, spreading from the city center'.(2)1 414 ecological corridors with a length of 34 765.84 km² had been constructed, and mainly distributed in river corridors with rich woodland and relatively flat areas.(3)1 374 ecological obstacle areas covering an area of 3 903.04 km² which concentrated in the west and northwest of the study area were diagnosed. Other areas mainly including farmland and woodland were scattered.(4)Based on the constructed ecological security pattern, the strengthening of ecological source areas protection and the restoration of ecological barrier areas, the targeted restoration strategies for different ecological landscapes were proposed through initiating various restoration projects at all levels. These research results can provide theoretical guidance for the optimization of the ecological security pattern in Guizhou Province, and provide the reference for the ecological protection and restoration of the state territorial space.