耕地质量多维评价与利用分区——以黄骅市为例

耕地利用分区对于未来区域空间的有序开发利用具有指导意义,对耕地质量进行多维度解析评价是拓展传统耕地质量评价理论的重要途径,是保证分区工作“落地”的关键。以“三位一体”统一质量观为理论依据,以河北省黄骅市为研究区,在构建集成“空间—功能—环境”的耕地质量三维解析评价框架的基础上,运用Spearman秩相关系数和G^*热点分析工具表征三维质量的空间相关性,最后基于以上成果进行耕地利用分区,提出差别化管理建议。结果表明:(1)黄骅市各维度耕地质量分值存在空间分异。高值区主要分布于黄骅市西部和北部,低值区则主要分布于黄骅市西南部。(2)黄骅市各维度耕地质量之间存在强烈的空间关联效应。自然环境与社会环境呈现强权衡关系,空间特征与规模、物质生产功能呈现强协同关系; 不同维度质量的冷热点分布格局可能相似,同一维度质量的却可能存在空间冲突。(3)将黄骅市划分为生产优势保护区、休闲农业发展区、规模效益提升区、休耕整治区和潜在功能挖掘区5个区域,各耕地利用区特点各异,应因地制宜进行耕地差别化利用与管护。研究结果对于增强耕地利用分区的可操作性具有实践意义,为优化耕地利用保护路径提供参考。

Multidimensional Evaluation and Utilization Division of Cultivated Land Quality

Cultivated land use zoning has a guiding significance for the orderly development and utilization of the future regional space. The multidimensional analytical evaluation of cultivated land quality is an important way to expand the traditional evaluation theory of cultivated land quality and is the key to ensure the implementation of the zoning work. Taking the unified quality concept of ‘Trinity' as the theoretical basis and taking Huanghua, Hebei Province as the research area, we constructed a three-dimensional analytical evaluation framework of cultivated land quality integrated with ‘space-function-environment', and characterized the spatial correlation of three-dimensional quality by Spearman rank correlation coefficient and G^* hot spot analysis tool. Finally, based on the above results, we carried out the cultivated land utilization zoning, and put forward the suggestions of differentiated management. The results showed that:(1)there were spatial differences in the cultivated land quality fractions in various dimensions in Huanghua; the high-value areas mainly distributed in the west and north of Huanghua, while the low-value areas mainly distributed in the southwest of Huanghua;(2)there was a strong spatial correlation effect between the cultivated land quality in various dimensions in Huanghua; there was a strong trade-off relationship between natural environment and social environment; spatial characteristics showed a strong cooperative relationship with scale and material production function; the distribution pattern of cold hot spots in different dimensions might be similar, but there might be spatial conflicts in the same dimension;(3)Huanghua was divided into five areas, namely production advantage protection area, leisure agriculture development area, economies of scale improvement area, fallow improvement area and potential function mining area. the characteristics of each cultivated land utilization area were different, so the cultivated land utilization and management should be carried out according to local conditions. These results of this study have practical significance for enhancing the operability of cultivated land utilization zoning, and can provide reference for optimizing the protection path of cultivated land utilization.