武汉城市圈乡村聚落空间格局演变及影响因素

为揭示乡村聚落空间格局演变特征及影响机理,以武汉城市圈为研究对象,综合运用空间韵律指数、平均最邻近指数、核密度分析等方法,从不同尺度定量识别了2009—2017年武汉城市圈乡村聚落的空间分布特征和演变规律,并探讨了乡村聚落空间格局演变的影响因素。结果表明:(1)2009—2017年,聚落总体规模增幅2.82%,平均斑块面积增幅1.45%,斑块形态趋于规则,破碎化程度较低,聚落单体布局形态多样化,规模扩张以点状、带状和块状扩张为主;(2)聚落空间保持集聚分布模式,单位面积乡村聚落消亡斑块较新生斑块核密度平均值低74.51%,聚落增减密度变化呈“北疏南密,向中心城区聚集”的特点,聚落局部以面积增加为主,新增聚落向各中心城区集聚;(3)聚落空间演变主要发生在低海拔、低坡度、降水量丰富、气候温暖、农村人口规模较高、经济发展水平较低的地区,并表现出明显的河流指向、道路指向、经济指向等特点。综上,武汉城市圈乡村聚落空间格局在规模形态和空间分布上均发生了演变,并受自然环境和社会人文等因素的影响。

Spatial Pattern Evolution and Influencing Factors of Rural Settlements in Wuhan Metropolitan Area

In order to reveal the evolution characteristics and influence mechanism of the spatial pattern of rural settlements, the Wuhan Metropolitan Area was taken as the research object, and comprehensively used spatial rhythm index, average nearest neighbour index, and nuclear density analysis to quantitatively identify the spatial distribution characteristics and evolution rules of rural settlements from 2009 to 2017. We discuss the influencing factors of the evolution of the spatial pattern of rural settlements. The results show that:(1)From 2009 to 2017, the total scale of the gathering is 2.82%, and the average plaque area is 1.45%, the shape tends to be regular, the degree of fragmentation is relatively low, and the layout of the settlement monomers is diversified by point, band and block expansion;(2)The settlement space maintains an agglomeration distribution pattern, and the change of settlement density shows the characteristics of ‘the sparse north and the dense south, gathering in the central city'. The area of the settlements mainly increased, and the new settlements are gathered in the central urban areas;(3)Settlement evolution mainly occurs in areas with low altitude, low slope, rich precipitation, warm climate, high rural population scale and low economic development level, it also shows obvious river orientation, road orientation, economic orientation and other characteristics. To sum up, the spatial pattern of rural settlements in the Wuhan Metropolitan Area has evolved in terms of scale, shape and spatial distribution, and is affected by natural environment and social and cultural factors.